Stephen Grossberg

Wang Professor of Cognitive and Neural Systems

Professor Emeritus of Mathematics & Statistics, Psychological & Brain Sciences, and Biomedical Engineering

Founding Chairman, Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, (http://cns.bu.edu)

Founder and Director, Center for Adaptive Systems (http://cns.bu.edu/about/cas.html)

Founding Director, Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology (CELEST)

Founding President, International Neural Network Society (http://www.inns.org/)

Founding Editor-In-Chief, Neural Networks (http://www.journals.elsevier.com/neural-networks/)

Founder and General Chairman, International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems (ICCNS), 1997-2013 (http://cns.bu.edu/cns-meeting/conference.html)

PhD, Mathematics, Rockefeller University

Curriculum Vitae

Stephen Grossberg on Wikipedia

Stephen Grossberg on Google Scholar

Stephen Grossberg on LinkedIn

 

Interests:

I develop brain models of vision and visual object recognition; audition, speech, and language; development; attentive learning and memory; cognitive information processing and social cognition; reinforcement learning and motivation; cognitive-emotional interactions; navigation; sensory-motor control and robotics; and mental disorders. These models involve many parts of the brain, ranging from perception to action, and multiple levels of brain organization, ranging from individual spikes and their synchronization to cognition. Many of these projects are done in collaborations with PhD students, postdoctoral fellows, and faculty. I also collaborate with experimentalist colleagues to design experiments to test theoretical predictions and fill conceptually important gaps in the experimental literature, carry out analyses of the mathematical dynamics of neural systems, and transfer biological neural models to applications in neuromorphic engineering and technology.

My Interests and Theoretical Method

CELESTial Manifesto, May, 2006

Neural Networks Editorial: Towards Building a Neural Networks Community, December, 2010

 

Interviews and Photos:

Interview with Stephen Grossberg about his life and work until 1993.
In Talking Nets: An Oral History of Neural Networks. J. A. Anderson and E. Rosenfeld (Eds.), 1998, Chapter 8, pp. 167-196. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Talking Nets Chapter 8

 

Interview with Stephen Grossberg for 2005 Anniversary Conference Celebrating Steve Grossberg@65 and CNS@15 by Deborah Grossberg
Part I
Part II

Interview with Stephen Grossberg in April 2014 as part of the IEEE CIS History project with Donald Wunsch
Part I 
Part II 

Interview with Stephen Grossberg in July 2018 for ForbesBooks.com/Radio by Gregg Stebben
On ForbesBrooksRadio. 
On SoundCloud
On iTunes

Interview with Stephen Grossberg in August 2020 for the Brain Inspired series of podcasts by Paul Middlebrooks.
The interview ranges from a chat about Adaptive Resonance Theory and other biological models of how brains make minds, to a biographical discussion of Grossberg’s life and work.
Interview with Stephen Grossberg in May 2021 about his life and work, and how he became the founder of the International Neural Network Society.


Interview with Stephen Grossberg in October 2021 for the Brain Inspired series of podcasts by Paul Middlebrooks. The interview focuses mainly on Grossberg’s new book entitled Conscious MIND, Resonant BRAIN: How Each Brain Makes a Mind.
https://braininspired.co/podcast/115/

Interview with Stephen Grossberg in January 2021 in the Brain Stream series of podcasts by The BCI Guys, Harrison Canning and Colin Fausnaght. The interview reviews Grossberg’s work from when he began modeling how each brain makes a mind as a college Freshman in 1957 to the present, including his new book Conscious MIND, Resonant BRAIN: How Each Brain Makes a Mind.
Interview with Stephen Grossberg in December 2021 for IEEE Spectrum by Kathy Pretz. The topic is Deep Learning Can’t Be Trusted. The interview discusses computational weaknesses of Deep Learning and how Adaptive Resonance Theory overcomes them.
https://spectrum.ieee.org/deep-learning-cant-be-trusted

 

Interview with Stephen Grossberg in April 2023 on “Delving In with Stuart Kelter”, Episode 26. It is a one-hour podcast called Sixty-Six Years of Figuring Out How the Brain Makes a Mind. It covers a lot of ground, including contrasts between Grossberg’s models with current AI contributions like Deep Learning and ChatGPT.
https://open.spotify.com/show/4v0hZRU29ian74qK5G5inJ

Interview with Stephen Grossberg in September 2023 on “Mind Body Solution with Tevin Naidu”. It is a two-hour podcast on the topic:
EINSTEIN OF THE MIND: How Does Brain Make Mind? A Dynamic Theory of Consciousness: Adaptive Resonance|Stephen Grossberg
https://lnkd.in/enrFRUBx

Interview with Stephen Grossberg in December 2023 on “Mind-Body Solution with Tevin Naidu”. It is a two-hour podcast on the topic:
How Do Resonant Brains Make Conscious Minds? Towards Solving the Hard Problem of Consciousness.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gpa0beB18vk

Interview with Stephen Grossberg published on April 1, 2024 on “The Dissenter with Ricardo Lopes”. It is a wide-ranging  two-hour video and podcast that is based upon the Magnum Opus, Conscious Mind, Resonant Brain: How Each Brain Makes a Mind:
YouTube video: https://youtu.be/ydhhR5-auS0
Spotify podcast: https://tinyurl.com/mrycvact

Grossberg pictures, including when he introduced his first neural network in 1957, ART in 1976, and founded INNS in 1987.
Grossberg pics through the years

 

Tutorial Lecture Series:

The Grossberg lectures were given on May 19-22, 2004, at the Eighth International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems (ICCNS’04) on the topic:

LINKING MIND TO BRAIN: A tutorial Lecture Series
Tutorial background and outline: http://cns-web.bu.edu/cns-meeting/grossberg-lectures.html
1st Grossberg Lecture: Part 1, Part 2
2nd Grossberg Lecture: Part 1, Part 2
3rd Grossberg Lecture: Part 1, Part 2
4th Grossberg Lecture: Part 1, Part 2

YouTube playlist for the full series.

 

Lectures:

Explainable and Reliable AI

Explainable and Reliable AI and Autonomous Adaptive Intelligence:
Deep Learning, Adaptive Resonance, and Models of Perception, Emotion, and Action
Keynote lecture at the 13th International Conference on Brain Informatics (BI2020) on September 19, 2020
Explainable and Reliable AI:
Comparing Deep Learning with Adaptive Resonance
Keynote lecture at the 2020 International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2020) on November 19, 2020
Explainable and Reliable AI
Invited lecture to the Active Inference Institute, https://www.activeinference.org/, on June 28, 2022
This video includes both a lecture and an extended Q&A session

Explaining Mental Disorders using Neural Models

From Designs for Autonomous Adaptive Agents to Clinical Disorders:
Linking Cortically-Mediated Learning to Alzheimer’s Disease, Autism, Amnesia, and Sleep
Keynote lecture at the 2020 World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2020) on July 22, 2020

Hard Problem of Consciousness

Towards Solving the Hard Problem of Consciousness: The Varieties of Brain Resonances and the Conscious Experiences that they Support
Keynote lecture at the 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Anchorage (long version): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hBye6JQCh4

Keynote lecture at the 2017 Science of Consciousness conference, San Diego (shorter version): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6DFiChZ2DY&t=561s

Other Keynote Lectures

How I Began My Life’s Work in 1957 as a College Freshman Taking Introductory Psychology

Lecture to my Dartmouth College classmates, 2-23-23

Lotfi A. Zadeh Pioneer Award from the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society, 10-11-22
Award for “seminal contributions to understanding brain cognition and behavior and their emulation by technology”.

How We See Art and How Artists Make It
Lecture to the Central Reform Temple of Boston, 10-7-21

Lecture to receive the Norman Anderson Lifetime Achievement Award of the Society of Experimental Psychologists, 4-18-15

China Plenary: Invariant Object Category Learning, Recognition, and Search, Sanya, 4-1-15

Keynote lecture at the 2013 International Conference on Cognitive and Neural Systems (ICCNS’13), Boston, MA
Keynote lecture at the 2011 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN’11), Boston, MA

The Brain’s Cognitive Dynamics: The Link Between Brain Learning, Attention, and Consciousness
Institute for Human and Machine Cognition 2006 Evening Lecture

Grossberg CELEST Lectures Spring 2006

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN’07) plenary talk

Reflections on the founding of INNS and IJCNN. Featured story at IJCNN’07

Link to MBI 2002 Workshop lecture

Anticipatory brain dynamics in perception, cognition, and action

Stephen Grossberg and Ennio Mingolla. How the Brain Sees: Fundamentals and Recent Progress in Modeling Vision. Presentation to the annual meeting of the Vision Sciences Society on May 6, 2005, Sarasota, Florida.

Steve Grossberg (opening keynote) at First International Conference on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures and First Annual Meeting of the BICA Society
Spatial intelligence: Attentive learning during navigation, search, and imitation

E-mail Address:

steve@bu.edu

PhD Student and Postdoctoral Collaborators

On-Line Publications

2023

    • Grossberg, S. (2023). How children learn to understand language meanings: A neural model of adult–child multimodal interactions in real-time. Frontiers in Psychology, August 2, 2023. Section on Cognitive Science, Volume 14.

2022

    • Grossberg, S. (2022). Towards understanding the brain dynamics of music: Learning and conscious performance of lyrics and melodies with variable rhythms and beats. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, April 8, 2022.

2021

    2020

      • Grossberg, S. (2020). A unified theory of conscious seeing, hearing, feeling, and knowing. Cognitive Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2020.1839401
        Invited Commentary on the article Hard criteria for empirical theories of consciousness by A. Doerig, A. Schurger, and M. H. Herzog (2020), Cognitive Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2020.1772214
      • Explainable AI: From Deep Learning to Adaptive Resonance
        Grossberg, S. (2020). A path towards Explainable AI and autonomous adaptive intelligence: Deep Learning, Adaptive Resonance, and models of perception, emotion, and action.
        Frontiers in Neurobotics, June 25, 2020.
        In the Research Topic: Explainable AI and Neuroscience: Cross-disciplinary Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbot.2020.00036 
      • Grossberg, S. (2020). Developmental designs and adult functions of cortical maps in multiple modalities: Perception, attention, navigation, numbers, streaming, speech, and cognition. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, February 6, 2020.
        In the Research Topic: Cortical Maps: Data and Models. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2020.00004/full

    2019

      • Grossberg, S. (2019). How we see art and how artists make it.
        To appear in the multimedia book
        Mobile Brain-Body Imaging and the Neuroscience of Art, Innovation, and Creativity. J. L. Contreras-Vidal, D. Robleto, J. G. Cruz-Garza, J. M. Azorin, and C. S. Nam (Eds.). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
        Lecture video in five parts:
             Part 1
             Part 2
             Part 3
             Part 4
             Part 5
      • Grossberg, S. (2019). The embodied brain of SOVEREIGN2: From space-variant conscious percepts during visual search and navigation to learning invariant object categories and cognitive-emotional plans for acquiring valued goals. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience. Published online: June 25, 2019. 
        In the Research Topic: The embodied brain: Computational mechanisms of integrated sensorimotor interactions with a dynamic environment. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncom.2019.00036/full

     

    2018

      • Cao, Y., and Grossberg, S. (2018). A laminar cortical model for 3D boundary and surface representations of complex natural scenes. In From Parallel to Emergent Computing. A. Adamatzky, S. Akl, and G. Sirakoulis (Eds.). Taylor & Francis/CRC (CaoGrossberg3Dvision.pdf)
      • Grossberg, S. (2018). Desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and attention: Cognitive-emotional and working memory dynamics of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Brain and Neuroscience Advances, May 8, 2018. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2398212818772179
      • Grossberg, S., and Kishnan, D. (2018). Neural dynamics of autistic repetitive behaviors and Fragile X syndrome: Basal ganglia movement gating and mGluR-modulated adaptively timed learning. Frontiers in Psychology, Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00269.

    2017

      • Franklin, D. J., and Grossberg, S. (2017). A neural model of normal and abnormal learning and memory consolidation: Adaptively timed conditioning, hippocampus, amnesia, neurotrophins, and consciousness. Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Neuroscience, 17, 24-76. http://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13415-016-0463-y
      • Grossberg, S. (2017). Acetylcholine neuromodulation in normal and abnormal learning and memory:
        Vigilance control in waking, sleep, autism, amnesia, and Alzheimer’s disease.
        Frontiers in Neural Circuits, November 2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2017.00082
      • Grossberg, S. (2017). Grandmother cohorts: Multiple-scale brain compression dynamics during learning of object and sequence categories. In the special issue on “Cognitive and neurophysiological evidence for and against localist ‘grandmother cell’ representations”, J. M. Bowers (Ed.). Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience, 32, 295-315. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23273798.2016.1232838
      • Grossberg, S. (2017). The visual world as illusion: The ones we know and the ones we don’t. In Oxford Compendium of Visual Illusions. A. Shapiro and D. Todorovic, Eds. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University press, Chapter 7, pp. 90-118. (Download pdf)
      • Grossberg, S., and Zajac, L. (2017). How humans consciously see paintings and paintings illuminate how humans see. Art & Perception, 5, 1-95. (Download pdf)

     

    2016

      • Carpenter, G. A., and Grossberg, S. (2016). Adaptive resonance theory. Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining. C. Sammut and G. Webb, Eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (CarpenterGrossbergMachineLearning.pdf).
      • Grossberg, S. (2016). Neural dynamics of the basal ganglia during perceptual, cognitive, and motor learning and gating. In The basal ganglia: Novel perspectives on motor and cognitive functions. J.-J. Soghomonian (Ed.). Berlin: Springer, 457-512. (GrosBasalGangliaBookChapter.pdf)
      • Grossberg, S., and Kazerounian, S. (2016). Phoneme restoration and empirical coverage of Interactive Activation and Adaptive Resonance models of human speech processing, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 140, 1130; doi: (GrosKazPhoneme.pdf).

    2015

    2014

      • Chang, H.-C., Grossberg, S., and Cao, Y. (2014) Where’s Waldo? How perceptual cognitive, and emotional brain processes cooperate during learning to categorize and find desired objects in a cluttered scene. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, doi: 10.3389/fnint.2014.0043, http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnint.2014.00043/full
      • Grossberg, S. (2014). From brain synapses to systems for learning and memory: Object recognition, spatial navigation, timed conditioning, and movement control. Brain Research, doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.018(Download pdf)
      • Kazerounian, S., and Grossberg, S. (2014). Real-time learning of predictive recognition categories that chunk sequences of items stored in working memory. Frontiers in Psychology: Language Sciences, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01053.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC418634

    2013

      • Grossberg, S. (2013). Adaptive Resonance Theory: How a brain learns to consciously attend, learn, and recognize a changing world. Neural Networks, 37, 1-47. (ART.pdf) (2,616 Kb)
      • Grossberg, S. (2013). Cortical dynamics of attentive object recognition, scene understanding, and decision making. In Human Information Processing: Vision, Memory, and Attention. C. Chubb, B. A. Dosher, Z.-L. Lu, and R. M. Shiffrin (Eds.). Washington DC: American Psychological Association, Chapter 10.
      • Pilly, P.K., and Grossberg, S. (2013). Spiking neurons in a hierarchical self-organizing map model can learn to develop spatial and temporal properties of entorhinal grid cells and hippocampal place cells. PLOS ONE, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060599

    2012

      • Cao, Y., and Grossberg, S. (2012). Stereopsis and 3D surface perception by spiking neurons in laminar cortical circuits: A method of converting neural rate models into spiking models. Neural Networks, 26, 75-98. (CaoGroTR2011.pdf) (3,197 Kb)
      • Chandler, B., and Grossberg, S. (2012). Joining distributed pattern processing and homeostatic plasticity in recurrent on-center off-surround shunting networks: Noise, saturation, short-term memory, synaptic scaling, and BDNF. Neural Networks, 25, 21-29. (ChaGro2011TR.pdf) (1,985 Kb).
      • Foley, N.C., Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (2012). Neural dynamics of object-based multifocal visual spatial attention and priming: Object cueing, useful-field-of-view, and crowding. Cognitive Psychology, 65, 77-117. (FolGroMin2012.pdf) (1,564 Kb).
      • Fortenberry, B., Gorchetchnikov, A. and Grossberg, S. (2012). Learned integration of visual, vestibular, and motor cues in multiple brain regions computes head direction during visually-guided navigation. Hippocampus, 22, 2219-2237. (ForGorGroTR2012.pdf) (1,021 Kb)
      • Grossberg, S., and Pilly, P.K. (2012). How entorhinal grid cells may learn multiple spatial scales from a dorsoventral gradient of cell response rates in a self-organizing map. PLoS Computational Biology, 8(10): 31002648. Doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002648. (GrossbergPillyPLoS.pdf) (16,000 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Srihasam, K., and Bullock, D. (2012). Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement coordination during visual tracking of unpredictably moving targets. Neural Networks, 27, 1-20. (GroSriBul2012.pdf) (1,074 Kb).
      • Mhatre, H., Gorchetchnikov, A., and Grossberg, S. (2012). Grid cell hexagonal patterns formed by fast self-organized learning within entorhinal cortex. Hippocampus, 22, 320-334. (MhaGorGroHIPO2010.pdf) (6,457 Kb).
      • Palma, J., Grossberg, S., and Versace, M. (2012). Persistence and storage of activity patterns in spiking recurrent cortical networks: Modulation of sigmoid signals by after-hyperpolarization currents and acetylcholine. Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience, 6:42. Doi: 10.3389.fncom.2012.00042. (PalmaGrossbergVersaceTR2012.pdf) (6,400 Kb)
      • Palma, J., Versace, M., and Grossberg, S. (2012). After-hyperpolarization currents and acetylcholine control sigmoid transfer functions in a spiking cortical model. Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 32, 253-280. (PalmaVersaceGrossbergTR2011.pdf) (1,240 Kb).
      • Pilly, P.K. and Grossberg, S. (2012). How do spatial learning and memory occur in the brain? Coordinated learning of entorhinal grid cells and hippocampal place cells. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24, 1031-1054. (PilGro2012.pdf) (7,480 Kb).
      • Srinivasa, N., Bhattacharyya, R., Sundareswara, R., Lee, C., and Grossberg, S. (2012) A bio-inspired kinematic controller for obstacle avoidance during reaching tasks with real robots. Neural Networks, 35, 54-69. (NN_Final.pdf) (3,103 Kb).

    2011

      • Cao, Y., Grossberg, S., and Markowitz, J. (2011). How does the brain rapidly learn and reorganize view- and positionally-invariant object representations in inferior temporal cortex? Neural Networks, 24, 1050-1061. (NN2853.pdf) (732 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2011). Visual motion perception. In V.S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (second edition). Oxford: Elsevier, in press. (GroVisMotPercTR2011.pdf) (606 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Kazerounian, S. (2011). Laminar cortical dynamics of conscious speech perception: A neural model of phonemic restoration using subsequent context in noise. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130, 440-460. (GroKazJASA2011.pdf) (3178 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Markowitz, J., and Cao, Y. (2011). On the road to invariant recognition: Explaining tradeoff and morph properties of cells in inferotemporal cortex using multiple-scale task-sensitive attentive learning. Neural Networks, 24, 1036-1049. (GroMarCao2011TR.pdf) (426 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Leveille, J., and Versace, M. (2011). How do object reference frames and motion vector decomposition emerge in laminar cortical circuits? Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 1147-1170. (GroLevVerTR2011.pdf) (3,584 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Srinivasan, K., and Yazdabakhsh, A. (2011). On the road to invariant object recognition: How cortical area V2 transforms absolute to relative disparity during 3D vision. Neural Networks, 24, 686-692. (GroSriYaz2011TR.pdf) (1,322 KB).
      • Ivey, R., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2011). A neuromorphic model of spatial lookahead planning. Neural Networks, 24, 257-266. (IveBulGro2011.pdf) (893 Kb).
      • Silver, M.R., Grossberg, S., Bullock, D., Histed, M.H., and Miller, E.K. (2011). A neural model of sequential movement planning and control of eye movements: Item-order-rank working memory and saccade selection by the supplementary eye fields. Neural Networks, 26, 29-58. (SilGroBulHisMilTR2011.pdf) (1,991 Kb).

    2010

      • Grossberg, S., and Vladusich, T. (2010). How do children learn to follow gaze, share joint attention, imitate their teachers, and use tools during social interactions? Neural Networks, 23, 940-965. In Grossberg, S., Meltzoff, A., Movellan, J., and Newcombe, N. (2010). Social Cognition: From Babies to Robots. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010. Special Issue of Neural Networks.(GrossbergVladusichNN2010.pdf) (1,751 Kb).
      • Huang, T.-R., and Grossberg, S. (2010). Cortical dynamics of contextually cued attentive visual learning and search: Spatial and object evidence accumulation. Psychological Review, 117(4), 1080-1112. Available in PDF (HuangGrossberg2010PR.pdf) (2,681 Kb).
      • Leveille, J., Versace, M., and Grossberg, S. (2010). Running as fast as it can: How spiking dynamics form object groupings in the laminar circuits of visual cortex. Journal of Computational Neuroscience, 28, 323-346. (LevVerGroJOCN10TR.pdf) (1,983 Kb).
      • Pilly, P., Grossberg, S., and Seitz. A. (2010). Low-level sensory plasticity during task-irrelevant perceptual learning: Evidence from conventional and double training procedures. Vision Research, Special Issue on Perceptual Learning, 50, 424-432. Available in PDF (PillyGroSeitzVR2009.pdf)(834 Kb).
      • Seitz, A., Protopapas, A., Tsushima, Y., Vlahou, E., Gori, S., Grossberg, S., and Watanabe, T. (2010). Unattended exposure to components of speech sounds yields same benefits as explicit auditory training. Cognition, 115, 435-443. (SeitzetalCog2010.pdf) (3,358 Kb).
      • Tanca, M., Grossberg, S., and Pinna, B. (2010). Probing perceptual antinomies with the watercolor illusion and explaining how the brain sees them. Seeing and Perceiving, 23, 295-333. (TanGroPin2010.pdf) (1,250 Kb).
      • Vladusich, T., Lafe, F., Kim, D.-S., Tager-Flusberg, H., and Grossberg, S. (2010). Prototypical category learning in high-functioning autism. Autism Research, 3, 226-236. (Vladetal2010.pdf) (516 Kb).

    2009

      • Browning, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, M. (2009). A neural model of how the brain computes heading from optic flow in realistic scenes. Cognitive Psychology, 59, 320-356. Available in PDF (BroGroMin2009.pdf) (1,450 Kb).
      • Browning, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, M. (2009). Cortical dynamics of navigation and steering in natural scenes: Motion-based object segmentation, heading, and obstacle avoidance. Neural Networks, 22, 1383-1398. Available in PDF (BroGroMinNN2009.pdf) (803 Kb).
      • Elder, D., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, M. (2009). A neural model of visually guided steering, obstacle avoidance, and route selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 35, 1501-1531. Available in PDF (EldGroMin2009.pdf) (1,494 Kb).
      • Fang, L. and Grossberg, S. (2009) From stereogram to surface: How the brain sees the world in depth. Spatial Vision, 22, 45-82, special issue “Unresolved Questions in Stereopsis”. Available in PDF (FanGro2007FromStereoSV.pdf) (831Kb)
      • Fazl, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (2009). View-invariant object category learning, recognition, and search: How spatial and object attention are coordinated using surface-based attentional shrouds. Cognitive Psychology, 58, 1-48. Available in PDF (FazGroMin2008.pdf) (1,130 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2009). Beta oscillations and hippocampal place cell learning during exploration of novel environments. Hippocampus, 19, 881-885. Available in PDF (GrosHIP09.pdf) (141 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2009). Cortical and subcortical predictive dynamics and learning during perception, cognition, emotion, and action. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, special issue “Predictions in the brain: Using our past to generate a future”, 364, 1223-1234. Available in PDF (GroRoySoc2009.pdf) (314 Kb).
      • Srihasam, K., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2009). Target selection by frontal cortex during coordinated saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1611-1627. Available in PDF (SriBulGro2009JOCN.pdf) (1,019 Kb).

    2008

      • Ajemian, R., Green, A., Bullock, D., Sergio, L., Kalaska, J., and Grossberg, S. (2008). Assessing the function of motor cortex: Single-neuron models of how neural response is modulated by limb biomechanics. Neuron, 58, 414-428. Available in PDF (AjeGreBulSerKalGro2008.pdf) (1024 Kb).
      • Ames, H. and Grossberg, S. (2008). Speaker normalization using cortical strip maps: A neural model for steady state vowel categorization. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 124, 3918-3936. Available in PDF (AmesGros2008.pdf) (760 Kb).
      • Dranias, M., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (2008). Dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic value systems in conditioning and outcome-specific revaluation. Brain Research, 1238, 239-287. Available in PDF (DraGroBulBR2008.pdf) (2374 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Bullock, D., and Dranias, M. (2008). Neural Dynamics Underlying Impaired Autonomic and Conditioned Responses Following Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Lesions. Behavioral Neuroscience, 122, 1100-1125. Available in PDF (GroBulDraBN2008.pdf) (1030 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Pearson, L. (2008). Laminar cortical dynamics of cognitive and motor working memory, sequence learning and performance: Toward a unified theory of how the cerebral cortex works.Psychological Review, 115, 677-732 . Available in PDF (GroPea2008.pdf) (945 Kb), Supplementary material available in PDF (GroPeaSupMat.pdf) (111 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Pilly, P. (2008). Temporal dynamics of decision-making during motion perception in the visual cortex. Vision Research, 48, 1345-1373. Available in PDF (GroPilly2008DecisionMakingVR.pdf) (10,885 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Versace, M. (2008). Spikes, synchrony, and attentive learning by laminar thalamocortical circuits. Brain Research, 1218, 278-312. Available in PDF (GroVer2008BR.pdf) (2,300Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Yazdanbakhsh, A., Cao, Y., and Swaminathan, G. (2008). How does binocular rivalry emerge from cortical mechanisms of 3-D vision? Vision Research, 48, 2232-2250. Available in PDF (GroYazCaoSwaVR2008.pdf) (1,603 Kb).
      • Srinivasa, N. & Grossberg, S. (2008). A head-neck-eye system that learns fault-tolerant saccades to 3-D targets using a self-organizing neural model. Neural Networks, 21, 1380-1391. Available in PDF (SriGroNN2009.pdf) (8,005 Kb).

    2007

      • Berzhanskaya, J., Grossberg , S. and Mingolla , E. (2007). Laminar cortical dynamics of visual form and motion interactions during coherent object motion perception. Spatial Vision, 20(4):337-395. Available in PDF (BerGroMinTechRep011507.pdf)(5873Kb).
      • Bhatt, R., Carpenter, G., and Grossberg, S. (2007) Texture segregation by visual cortex: Perceptual grouping, attention, and learning.Vision Research, 47, 3173-3211 . Available in PDF (BhaCarGro2007TextureSegVR.pdf)(2282Kb)
      • Gorchetchnikov, A. and Grossberg, S. (2007). Space, time, and learning in the hippocampus: How fine spatial and temporal scales are expanded into population codes for behavioral control. Neural Networks, 20(2):182-93 . Available in PDF (GorGro06NN.pdf)(1046Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2007). Consciousness CLEARS the mind.Neural Networks, 20, 1040-1053, special issue “Consciousness and Brain”. Available in PDF (GroConsClearsNN2007.pdf)(14857 Kb) .
      • Grossberg, S. (2007). Form Perception. Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, U. Windhorst, M.D. Binder and N. Hirokawa (Eds.) Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Available in PDF (GrossbergFormPerception2007.pdf)(530 Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2007). Towards a unified theory of neocortex: Laminar cortical circuits for vision and cognition. For Computational Neuroscience: From Neurons to Theory and Back Again, eds: Paul Cisek, Trevor Drew, John Kalaska; Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 79-104. Available in PDF (GroCisek2007.pdf)(2115Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Kuhlmann, L., and Mingolla, E. (2007). A neural model of 3D shape-from-texture: Multiple-scale filtering, boundary grouping, and surface filling-in. Vision Research, 47(5):634-672. Available in PDF (vr472007sglvem.pdf)(3953Kb).

    2006

      • Grossberg, S. and Hong, S. (2006). A neural model of surface perception: Lightness, anchoring, and filling-in. Spatial Vision, 19, 263-321. Available in PDF (GroHong06SpatVis.pdf)(1560Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Seidman, D. (2006). Neural dynamics of autistic behaviors: Cognitive, emotional, and timing substrates. Psychological Review, 113, 483-525. Available in PDF (GroSei2006PsychRev.pdf)(941Kb).
      • Pinna, B., and Grossberg, S. (2006). Logic and phenomenology of incompleteness in illusory figures: New cases and hypotheses. Psychofenia : Ricerca ed Analisi Psicologica, IX:15, 93-135 . Available in PDF (PsychIXn15p93a.pdf, PsychIXn15p93b.pdf)(1744 Kb, 1769 Kb).

    2005

      • Cao, Y. and Grossberg, S. (2005). A laminar cortical model of stereopsis and 3D surface perception: Closure and da Vinci stereopsis. Spatial Vision, 18, 515-578. Available in PDF (CaoGro2005SpatVis.pdf)(832Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2005). Linking attention to learning, expectation, competition, and consciousness. In L. Itti , G. Rees, and J. Tsotsos (Eds.), Neurobiology of attention . San Diego: Elsevier, pp. 652-662. Available in PDF (Gro2005NeurobiologyofAttention.pdf)(357Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Yazdanbakhsh, A. (2005). Laminar cortical dynamics of 3D surface perception: Stratification, transparency, and neon color spreading. Vision Research, 45, 1725-1743. Available in PDF (GroYaz2005VR.pdf)(832Kb).
      • Pinna, B. and Grossberg, S. (2005). The watercolor illusion and neon color spreading: A unified analysis of new cases and neural mechanisms. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 22, 2207-2221. Available in PDF (PinGro2005JOSA.pdf)(876Kb).

    2004

      • Brown, J.W., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2004). How laminar frontal cortex and basal ganglia circuits interact to control planned and reactive saccades. Neural Networks, 17, 471-510. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-2000-023. Available in PDF (BroBulGro2003NN.pdf)(606Kb).The TELOS simulation code is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3. See http://ccsrv1.psych.indiana.edu/cclab/images/cclab_files/telos_gpl.tar.gz . The code is provided as-is for information purposes only. It was developed on legacy systems, is mostly undocumented, and will most likely not compile on current generation systems without significant reworking.
      • Grossberg , S., Govindarajan, K.K., Wyse, L.L. , and Cohen, M.A. (2004). ARTSTREAM: A neural network model of auditory scene analysis and source segregation.Neural Networks, 17, 511-536. Available in PDF (GroGovinWyseCoh2004NN.pdf)(7,953Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., and Swaminathan, G. (2004). A laminar cortical model for 3D perception of slanted and curved surfaces and of 2D images: development, attention and bistability. Vision Research, 44, 1147-1187. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-2003-02. Available in PDF (GroSwa2004VR.pdf)(702Kb).
      • Paine, R.W., Grossberg, S., and Van Gemmert, A.W.A. (2004). A quantitative evaluation of the AVITEWRITE model of handwriting learning . Human Movement Science, 23, 837-860. Available in PDF (PaiGrovanGem2004HMS.pdf)(1,190Kb).
      • Yazdanbakhsh, A., and Grossberg, S. (2004). Fast synchronization of perceptual grouping in laminar visual cortical circuits. Neural Networks, 17, 707-718. Available in PDF (YazGro2004NNFastSynch.pdf)(758Kb).

    2003

      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (2003). Adaptive resonance theory. In M.A. Arbib (Ed.), The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks, Second Edition, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 87-90. Available in PDF (CarGro2003HBTNN2.pdf)(58Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2003). Adaptive resonance theory. In The encyclopedia of cognitive science . London : Macmillan Reference Ltd. Available in PDF (Gro2003EncyclopediaCogSci.pdf)(3,567Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2003). Filling-in the forms: Surface and boundary interactions in visual cortex. In L. Pessoa and P. DeWeerd (Eds.), Filling-in: From perceptual completion to skill learning. New York: Oxford University Press, pp.13-37. Available in PDF (Gro2003PessoaDeWeerdChapter.pdf)( 4,667Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2003). From normal brain and behavior to schizophrenia. Psychopathology Research, 13 , 5-10. Available in PDF (Gro2003PsychopathologyRes.pdf)(2,132Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2003). How does the cerebral cortex work? Development, learning, attention, and 3D vision by laminar circuits of visual cortex. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 2, 47-76. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-2003-005. Available in PDF (Gro2003BCNR.pdf)(829Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2003). Linking visual cortical development to visual perception. In B. Hopkins and S. Johnson (Eds.), Neurobiology of infant vision. Ablex Press, 211-271. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-26. Available in PDF (Gro02AAIR.pdf)(1.08Mb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2003). Resonant neural dynamics of speech perception. Journal of Phonetics, 31, 423-445. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-2002-008. Available in PDF (Gro2003TIPSPhonetics.pdf)(317KB).
      • Grossberg, S. and Howe, P.D.L. (2003). A laminar cortical model of stereopsis and three-dimensional surface perception. Vision Research, 43, 801-829. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2002-02. Available in PDF (GroHow02VisRes.pdf)(1.56Mb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Repin, D. (2003) A neural model of how the brain represents and compares multi-digit numbers: spatial and categorical processes. Neural Networks, 16, 1107-1140. Available in PDF (GroRep2003NN.pdf)(1.07Mb)
      • Grossberg, S. and Seitz, A. (2003). Laminar development of receptive fields, maps, and columns in visual cortex: The coordinating role of the subplate. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 852-863. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-02-006. Available in PDF (SeitzGrossbergCerCor.pdf)(5.85Mb).
      • Raizada, R. and Grossberg, S. (2003). Towards a theory of the laminar architecture of cerebral cortex: Computational clues from the visual system. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 100-113. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2001-12. Available in PDF (RaiGro03CerCor.pdf)(293Kb)

    2002

      • Dresp, B., Durand, S., and Grossberg, S. (2002). Depth perception from pairs of overlapping cues in pictorial displays (with B. Dresp and S. Durand). Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-99-030 , Boston University . Spatial Vision , 15, 255-276. Available in PDF (DrespDurandGro2002SpatialVision.pdf)(4,337Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Grunewald, A. (2002). Temporal dynamics of binocular disparity processing with corticogeniculate interactions. Neural Networks, 15, 181-200. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-017. Available in PDF (GroGru02NN.pdf)(308Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Hwang, S., and Mingolla, E. (2002). Thalamocortical dynamics of the McCollough effect: Boundary-surface alignment through perceptual learning. Vision Research, 42, 1259-1286. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS TR-01-004. Available in PDF (GroHwaMin02.pdf)(254Kb) and in Gzipped Postscript (GroHwaMin02.ps.gz)(171Kb).

    2001

      • Ajemian, R., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2001). A model of movement coordinates in the motor cortex: Posture-dependent changes in the gain and direction of single cell tuning curves. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR 2000-017, Boston University . Cerebral Cortex, 11, 1124-1135. Available in PDF (AjemianBullGro2001CerebralCortex.pdf)(3,699Kb).
      • Granger, E., Rubin, M., Grossberg, S., and Lavoie, P. (2001). A what-and-where fusion neural network for recognition and tracking of multiple radar emitters. Neural Networks, 14, 325-344. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-029. Available in PDF (GraRubGroLav01.pdf)(514Kb) and in Gzipped Postscript (GraRubGroLav01.ps.gz)(271Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2001). Linking the laminar circuits of visual cortex to visual perception: Development, grouping, and attention. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 25 , 513-526. Available in PDF (Gro2001NeuBio.pdf)(3,563Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2001). Theory versus speculation in visual perception. Perception, 30, 1505-1507. Available in PDF (Gro2001Per.pdf)(195Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. and Viswanathan, L. (2001). Neural dynamics of motion integration and segmentation within and across apertures. Vision Research, 41, 2521-2553 . Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-004. Available in PDF (GroMinLav01.pdf)(4.3Mb), and in Gzipped Postscript (GroMinLav01.ps.gz)(3.5Mb).
      • Grossberg, G. and Williamson, J.R. (2001). A neural model of how horizontal and interlaminar connections of visual cortex develop into adult circuits that carry out perceptual groupings and learning. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 37-58. On-line version available from Cerebral Cortex (GroWil2000.pdf) (499Kb) in PDF format.
      • Pack, C., Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (2001). A neural model of smooth pursuit control and motion perception by cortical area MST. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 102-120. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-023. Available in PDF (PacGroMin.JCN00.pdf) (172Kb), or in Gzipped Postscript (PacGroMin.JCN00.ps.gz)(452Kb).
      • Raizada, R. and Grossberg, S. (2001). Context-sensitive bindings by the laminar circuits of V1 and V2: A unified model of perceptual grouping, attention, and orientation contrast. Visual Cognition, 8, 431-466. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-008. Available in PDF (RaiGro01.pdf) (197Kb) and G’zipped Postscript (RaiGro01.ps.gz) (441Kb). Mac browsers may have difficulty with the equations but the document should print properly.

    2000

      • Ajemian, R., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (2000). Kinematic coordinates in which motor cortical cells encode movement direction. Journal of Neurophysiology, 84, 2191-2203. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-021. Available in PDF AjeBulGro00.pdf (221Kb), and Gzipped postscript AjeBulGro00.ps.gz (683Kb).
      • Granger, E., Rubin, M.A., Grossberg, S., and Lavoie, P. (2000). Classification of incomplete data using the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network. Technical Report CAS/CNS 2000- 001, Boston University . In Proceedings of the international joint conference on neural networks (IJCNN), 4 , 35-40. Available in PDF (GrangerRubinGroLavoie2000IJCNN.pdf)(1,832Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2000). The complementary brain: Unifying brain dynamics and modularity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 233-246. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-003. Available in PDF Gro2000TICS.pdf (210Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2000). The imbalanced Brain: From normal behavior to schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 81-98. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-018. Available in PDF Gro.BioPsy2000.pdf (342Kb), and Gzipped postscript Gro.BioPsy2000.ps.gz (489Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2000). How hallucinations may arise from brain mechanisms of learning, attention, and volition. Invited article for the Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 6, 579-588. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-020. Available in PDF Gro99.hall.pdf (6.7Mb), and Gzipped postscript Gro99.hall.ps.gz (4.9Mb).
      • Grossberg, S. (2000). Linking mind to brain: The mathematics of biological intelligence. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 47, 1361-1372. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-016. Available in PDF Gro00.AMS.pdf (112Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Myers, C.W. (2000) The resonant dynamics of speech perception: Interword integration and duration-dependent backward effects. Psychological Review, 107, 735-767. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-001. Available in PDF GroMye00.pdf (504Kb) and Gzipped postscript GroMye00.ps.gz (303Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Paine, R.W.(2000). A neural model of corticocerebellar interactions during attentive imitation and predictive learning of sequential handwriting movements. Neural Networks, 13, 999-1046. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-009. Available in PDF GroPai00.pdf (988Kb) and Gzipped postscript GroPai00.ps.gz (745Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Raizada, R. (2000). Contrast-sensitive perceptual grouping and object-based attention in the laminar circuits of primary visual cortex. Vision Research, 40, 1413-1432. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-008. Available in PDF (394Kb), and available in gzip’ed postscript (186Kb).
      • Kelly, F.J. and Grossberg, S. (2000). Neural dynamics of 3-D surface perception: Figure-ground separation and lightness perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 62, 1596-1619. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-026. Note that the Appendix equations and Parameter Table are separate files due to size constraints. The paper is available in PDF KelGro2000p.pdf, and Gzipped postscript KelGro2000p.ps.gz. Appendix equations currently available in PDF KelGro2000.pdf (125 Kb), and Gzipped postscript KelGro2000.ps.gz (43 Kb). The Parameter Table is available separately in PDF table1.pdf, and Gzipped postscript table1.ps.gz.
      • Okatan, M. and Grossberg, S. (2000). Frequency-dependent synaptic potentiation, depression, and spike timing induced by Hebbian pairing in cortical pyramidal neurons. Neural Networks, 13, 699-708. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-2000-003. Available in PDF (OkaGro01.pdf) (4.295Mb)and in Gzipped Postscript (OkaGro01.ps.gz)(5.253Mb).

    1999

      • Baloch, A.A., Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Nogueira, C.A.M. (1999). A neural model of first-order and second-order motion perception and magnocellular dynamics. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 16, 953-978. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-030. Available in gzip’ed postscript (101Kb). The figure files are available in 3 separate files. Figure file 1. Size in gzip’ed postscript (1,494Kb) Figure file 2. Size in gzip’ed postscript (372Kb) Figure file 3. Size in gzip’ed postscript (611Kb). Also available in PDF (BalGroMinNog99.pdf)(264Kb).
      • Boardman, I., Grossberg, S., Myers, C., and Cohen, M. (1999). Neural dynamics of perceptual order and context effects for variable-rate speech syllables. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 1477-1500. Preliminary version appears asBoston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-004. Available in PDF BoaGroMyeCoh99.pdf (377Kb) and Gzipped postscript BoaGroMyeCoh99.ps.gz (168Kb).
      • Brown, J., Bullock, D., and Grossberg, S. (1999). How the basal ganglia use parallel excitatory and inhibitory learning pathways to selectively respond to unexpected rewarding cues. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 10502-10511. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-99-011. Available in PDF BroBulGro99.pdf and gzip’ed postscript BroBulGro99.ps.gz (152Kb).
      • Dresp, B., and Grossberg, S. (1999). Spatial facilitation by color and luminance edges: Boundary, surface, and attentional factors. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-98-013, Boston University. Vision Research, 39, 3431-3443. Available in PDF (DrespGro1999VisRes.pdf)(3,944Kb).
      • Gancarz, G. and Grossberg, G. (1999). A neural model of the saccadic eye movement control explains task-specific adaptation. Vision Research, 39, 3123-3143. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-024. Available in PDF (GanGroVR1999.pdf)(310Kb) and gzip’ed postscript (GanGro99.ps.gz)(138Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1999). Figure-ground separation by visual cortex. In G. Adelman and B.H. Smith (Eds.), Encyclopedia of neuroscience, second edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 716-721. Available in PDF (GroAdelmanBkCh99.pdf)(151Kb) and gzip’ed postscript (GroAdelmanBkCh99.ps.gz)(68Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1999). How does the cerebral cortex work? Learning, attention and grouping by the laminar circuits of visual cortex. Spatial Vision, 12, 163-186. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-023. Available in PDF GroSpaVis1999.pdf (240Kb)
      • Grossberg, S. (1999). The link between brain learning, attention, and consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition, 8, 1-44. Available in PDF (Gro1999ConCog.pdf) (659Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1999). Neural models of normal and abnormal behavior: What do schizophrenia, Parkinsonism, attention deficit disorder, and depression have in common? Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-98-030, Boston University. In J. Reggia, E. Ruppin, and D.L. Glanzman (Eds.), Disorders of brain, behavior, and cognition: The neurocomputational perspective . Amsterdam : Elsevier, pp.375-406. Available in PDF (Gro1999ReggiaChapter.pdf)(6,746Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1999). Pitch-based streaming in auditory perception. In N. Griffith and P. Todd (Eds.), Musical networks: Parallel distributed perception and performance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 117-140. Available in PDF (GroGrifbkch96.pdf)(468Kb) and gzip’ed postscript (GroGrifbkch96.ps.gz)(284Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Kelly, F.J. (1999). Neural dynamics of binocular brightness perception. Vision Research, 39, 3796-3816. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-018. Available in PDF (GroKel99.pdf) and Gzip’ed postscript GroKel99.ps.gz (549Kb). Appendix Equation file is currently a separate document: Available in PDF (GroKel99b.pdf) and G’zipped postscript. GroKel99b.ps.gz (25Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Pack, C. (1999). A neural model of motion processing and visual navigation by cortical area MST. Cerebral Cortex, 9, 878-895. Available in PDF GroMinPac99.pdf, and gzip’ed postscript GroMinPac99.ps.gz (1,125Kb).
      • Mingolla, E., Ross, W., and Grossberg, S. (1999). A neural network for enhancing boundaries and surfaces in synthetic aperture radar images. Neural Networks,12, 499-511. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-032. Note: This paper is difficult to download due to the large size of the figure file. Send mail requests to amos@cns.bu.edu for a paper copy. Available in PDF (MinRosGro1999NeuNet.pdf)(5,027Kb). To download only the paper MinRosGro99.ps.gz(55Kb). To download the figures as a separate large file MinRosGro99.figs.ps.gz(2,998Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Williamson, J.R. (1999). A self-organizing neural system for learning to recognize textured scenes. Vision Research, 39, 1385-1406. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-001. Available in PDF (GroWil99.pdf) or in Gzipped Postscript GroWil99.ps.gz(1.2Mb).

    1998

      • Bullock, D., Cisek, P. and Grossberg, S. (1998). Cortical networks for control of voluntary arm movements under variable force conditions. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-95-019 , Boston University . Cerebral Cortex, 8 , 48-62. Available in PDF (BullCisekGro1998CerebralCortex.pdf)(4,559Kb).
      • Cameron, S., Grossberg, S., and Guenther, F.H. (1998). A self-organizing neural network architecture for navigation using optic flow. Neural Computation,10, 313-352. Available in PDF (CamGroGue1998NeuCom.pdf)(8,414Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Lesher, G.W. (1998). The what-and-where filter: A spatial mapping neural network for object recognition and image understanding. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 69 , 1-22. Available in PDF (CarGroLes1998ComVis.pdf)(5,553Kb).
      • Chey, J., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1998). Neural dynamics of motion processing and speed discrimination. Vision Research, 38, 2769-2786. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-030. Available in PDF CheGroMin98.pdf (186Kb) and in gzip’ed postscript CheGroMin98.ps.gz (189Kb).
      • Cisek, P., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (1998). A cortico-spinal model of reaching and proprioception under multiple task constraints. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-96-035, Boston University. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10 , 425-444. Available in PDF (CisekGroBull1998JOCN.pdf)(6,550Kb).
      • Gancarz, G. and Grossberg, G. (1998). A neural model of the saccade generator in the reticular formation. Neural Networks, 11, 1159-1174. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-98-014. Available in PDF (GanGroNN1998.pdf)(349Kb) and in gzip’ed postscript (GanGro1998NN.ps.gz)(194KB).
      • Grossberg, S. (1998). Birth of a learning law. INNS/ENNS/JNNS Newsletter, 21, 1-4. Appearing with Neural Networks, 11(1). Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-97-017. Available in PDF (Gro1998BirthLearningLaw.pdf)(38.8KB).
      • Grossberg, S. (1998). How is a moving target continuously tracked behind occluding cover? Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-96-001, Boston University . In T. Watanabe (Ed.), High level motion processing: Computational, neurobiological, and psychophysical perspectives . Cambridge , MA : MIT Press, pp.3-52. Available in PDF (Gro1998WatanabeChapter.pdf)(13,033Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1998). Neural substrates of adaptively timed reinforcement, recognition, and motor learning. In C.D.L. Wynne and J.E.R. Staddon (Eds.), Models of action: Mechanisms for adaptive behavior . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum Associates, pp.29-85. Available in PDF (Gro1998WynneStaddonBkChptr.pdf)(12,888Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1998). Synaptic depression and cortical gain control. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-98-001, Boston University. Available in PDF (Gro1998TR001.pdf)(377Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Pessoa, L. (1998). Texture segregation, surface representation, and figure-ground separation. Vision Research, 38, 2657-2684. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-025. Available in PDF (GroPes1997VR.pdf)(439Kb) and in gzip’ed postscript (GroPes1997VR.ps.gz)(198Kb).
      • Grunewald, A. and Grossberg, S. (1998). Self-organization of binocular disparity tuning by reciprocal corticogeniculate interactions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 199-215. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-027. Available in PDF GruGro97.pdf (224Kb) and G’Zipped Postscript GruGro97.ps.gz (97Kb).
      • McLoughlin, N.P. and Grossberg, S. (1998). Cortical computation of stereo disparity. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-96-022, Boston University . Vision Research, 38 , 91-99. Available in PDF (McLoughlinGro1998VisRes.pdf)(2,634Kb).
      • Olson, S. and Grossberg, S. (1998). A neural network model for the development of simple and complex cell receptive fields within cortical maps of orientation and ocular dominance. Neural Networks, 11, 189-208. Available in PDF OlsonGro1998NN.pdf (5.47Mb).

    1997

      • Baloch, A. A. and Grossberg, S. (1997). A neural model of high-level motion processing: Line motion and formotion dynamics. Vision Research, 37, 3037-3059. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-96-020. Available in PDF (BalGro1997VR.pdf)(404Kb) and in gzip’ed postscript (BalGro1997VR.ps.gz )(168Kb).
      • Chey, J., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, M. (1997). Neural dynamics of motion grouping: From aperture ambiguity to object speed and direction. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 14 , 2570-2594. Available in PDF (CheGroMin1997OptSocAm.pdf)(8,154Kb).
      • Cohen, M.A., and Grossberg, S. (1997). Parallel auditory filtering by sustained and transient channels separates coarticulated vowels and consonants. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, 5, 301-318. Available in PDF (CohGro1997IEEE.pdf)(1,556Kb).
      • Contreras-Vidal, J.L., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (1997). A neural model of cerebellar learning for arm movement control: Cortico-spino-cerebellar dynamics. Learning and Memory, 3, 475-502. Preliminary version appears asBoston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-97-003. Available in PDF (ConGroBul97.pdf) (555KB) and in gzip’ed postscript (ConGroBul97.ps.gz) (422KB).
      • Dresp, B. and Grossberg, S. (1997). Contour integration across polarities and spatial gaps: From local contrast filtering to global grouping. Vision Research, 37, 913-924. Available in PDF (DreGro1997VisRes.pdf.pdf) (3,330KB)
      • Grossberg, S. (1997). Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional figure-ground perception of two-dimensional figures. Psychological Review, 104 , 618-658. Available in PDF (Gro1997PsyRev.pdf) (14,769Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Boardman, I., and Cohen, C. (1997). Neural dynamics of variable-rate speech categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 418-503. Available in PDF (GroBoarCoh97JEPHPP.pdf) (3072KB).
      • Grossberg, S. and Grunewald, A. (1997). Cortical synchronization and perceptual framing. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 117-132. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-025. Available in PDF (GroGru97.pdf) (374Kb) and gzip’ed postscript (GroGru97.ps.gz)(202Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., and McLoughlin, N. (1997). Cortical dynamics of 3-D surface perception: Binocular and half-occluded scenic images (with N. McLoughlin ). Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-95-022 , Boston University. Neural Networks, 1997, 10 , 1583-1605. Available in PDF (GroMcLoughlin1997NN.pdf)(6,985Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Ross, W.D. (1997). Visual brain and visual perception: How does the cortex do perceptual grouping? Trends in Neurosciences, 20, 106-111 Available in PDF (GroMinRoss97.pdf)(176Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Pribe, C., and Cohen, M.A., (1997). Neural control of interlimb oscillations, I: Human bimanual coordination. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-94-021 , Boston University . Biological Cybernetics, 77, 131-140. Available in PDF (GroPribeCoh1997BiolCyb.pdf)(3,976Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Roberts, K., Aguilar, M., and Bullock, D. (1997). A neural model of multimodal adaptive saccadic eye movement control by superior colliculus. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 9706-9725. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR96-029. Available in PDF (GroRobAguBulJN1997.pdf)(443Kb) and in gzip’ed postscript (GroRobAguBul97.ps.gz)(2.6Mb).
      • Pribe, C., Grossberg, S., and Cohen, M.A. (1997). Neural control of interlimb oscillations, II: Biped and quadruped gaits and bifurcations. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-94-022 , Boston University . Biological Cybernetics, 77 , 141-152. Available in PDF (PribeGroCoh1997BiolCyb.pdf) (3,820Kb).

    1996

      • Bullock, D., Grossberg, S., and Guenther, F.H. (1996). Neural network modeling of sensory-motor control in animals. In: Zelaznik, H. (Ed.), Advances in Motor Learning and Control. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Press, 261-292. Available in PDF (BullGroGue1996AdvancesinMotorLearning.pdf)(7,305Kb).
      • Fiala, J.C., Grossberg, S., and Bullock, D. (1996). Metabotropic glutamate receptor activation in cerebellar Purkinje cells as substrate for adaptive timing of the classically conditioned eye blink response. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 3760-3774. Available in PDF (FiaGroBul1996JouNeuroscience.pdf)(4,007Kb).
      • Francis, G. and Grossberg, S. (1996). Cortical dynamics of boundary segmentation and reset: Persistence, afterimages, and residual traces . Perception, 35, 543-567. Available in PDF (FraGro1996Perception.pdf)(1,616Kb).
      • Francis, G. and Grossberg, S. (1996). Cortical dynamics of form and motion integration: Persistence, apparent motion, and illusory contours. Vision Research, 36, 149-173. Available in PDF (FraGro1996VisRes.pdf)(7,176Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Merrill, J.W.L. (l996). The hippocampus and cerebellum in adaptively timed learning, recognition, and movement. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 257-277. Available in PDF (GroMer96.pdf) and in Gzipped Postscript (GroMer96.ps.gz) (141KB).

    1995

      • Bradski, G. and Grossberg, S. (1995). Fast learning VIEWNET architectures for recognizing 3-D objects from multiple 2-D views. Neural Networks, 8, 1053-1080. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-93-053. Available in PDF (BraGro1995NN.pdf)(3,103Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Reynolds, J.H. (1995). A fuzzy ARTMAP nonparametric probability estimator for nonstationary pattern recognition problems. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 6, 1330-1336. Available in PDF (CarGroRey1995NeuNet.pdf)(1,781Kb).
      • Cohen, M.A., Grossberg, S., and Wyse, L.L. (1995). A spectral network model of pitch perception. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-92-024, Boston University. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98 , 862-879. Available in PDF (CohGroWyse1995JAcoustSocAm.pdf)(5,512Kb).
      • Gove, A., Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1995). Brightness perception, illusory contours, and corticogeniculate feedback. Visual Neuroscience, 12, 1027-1052. Preliminary version available as Boston University Technical Report, CAS/CNS-TR-94-033. Available in PDF (GovGroMin1995VisNeu.pdf)(7,352Kb) and gzip’ed postscript (GovGroMin95.ps.gz)(476Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1995). The attentive brain. Invited article for American Scientist, 83, 438-449. Preliminary version appears as Boston University Technical Report CAS/CNS-TR-95-012. Available in PDF (groASAttBra1995.pdf)(1.24Mb) and in Gzipped Postscript (Gro96.ps.gz)(252Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Williamson, J. (1995). Synthetic aperture radar processing by a multiple scale neural system for boundary and surface representation. Neural Networks, 8, 1005-1028. Available in gzip’ed postscript (3,122Kb).

    1994

      • Bradski, G., Carpenter, G.A., and Grossberg, S. (1994). STORE working memory networks for storage and recall of arbitrary temporal sequences. Biological Cybernetics, 71, 469-480. Available in PDF (BraCarGro1994BioCyb.pdf) (3,398Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1994). Integrating symbolic and neural processing in a self-organizing architecture for pattern recognition and prediction. In V. Honavar and L. Uhr (Eds.), Artificial intelligence and neural networks: Steps towards principled prediction . San Diego : Academic Press, pp.387-421. Available in PDF (CarGro1994HonavarUhrChapter.pdf) (8,473Kb)
      • Francis, G., Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E. (1994). Cortical dynamics of feature binding and reset: Control of visual persistence. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-92-026, Boston University. Vision Research, 34, 1089-1104. Available in PDF (FraGroMin1994VisRes.pdf) (5,191Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1994). 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex. Perception and Psychophysics , 1994, 55 , 48-120. Available in PDF (Gro1994P&P.pdf) (6,285Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1994). Letter to the editor: Physiological interpretation of the self-organizing map algorithm. Available in PDF (Gro1994KohonenLetter.pdf) (168Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Ross (1994). A neural theory of attentive visual search: Interactions of boundary, surface, spatial, and object representations. Psychological Review, 101, 470-489. Available in PDF (GroMinRos1994PsychRev.pdf) (6,083Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Olson (1994). Rules for the cortical map of ocular dominance and orientation columns. Neural Networks, 7, 883-894. Avialable in PDF (GroOls1994NeuNet.pdf) (3,004Kb).
      • Guenther, F.H., Bullock, D., Greve, D., and Grossberg, S. (1994). Neural representations for sensory-motor control, III: Learning a body-centered representation of 3-D target position. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-93-045, Boston University. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 6, 341-358. Avialable in PDF (GuenBulGroGre1994JCogNeurosci.pdf) (386Kb).

    1993

      • Asfour, Y.R., Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Lesher, G.W. (1993). Fusion ARTMAP: A neural network architecture for multi-channel data fusion and classification. In Proceedings of the world congress on neural networks, Portland, II, 210-215. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates. Available in PDF (AsfCarGroLes1993WCNN.pdf) (1,427Kb).
      • Bullock, D., Grossberg, S., and Guenther, F.H. (1993). A self-organizing neural model of motor equivalent reaching and tool use by a multijoint arm. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 408-435. Available in PDF (BulGroGue1993JOCN.pdf) (587Kb).
      • Bullock, D., Grossberg, S., and Mannes, C. (1993). A neural network model for cursive script production. Technical Report CAS/CNS TR-92-029, Boston University. Biological Cybernetics, 70, 15-28. Available in PDF (BulGroMan1993BiolCyb.pdf)(252Kb).
      • Carpenter, G. and Grossberg, S. (1993). Normal and amnesic learning, recognition, and memory by a neural model of cortico-hippocampal interactions. Trends in Neurosciences, 16, 131-137. Available in PDF (CarGro1993TINS.pdf)(264Kb).
      • Greve, D., Grossberg, S., Guenther, F., and Bullock, D. (1993). Neural representations for sensory-motor control, I: Head-centered 3-D target positions from opponent eye commands. Acta Psychologica, 82, 115-138. Available in PDF (GreGroGuenBul1993ActaPsy.pdf) (259Kb).
      • Grossberg, S.(1993). A solution of the figure-ground problem for biological vision. Neural Networks, 6, 463-483. Available in PDF (Gro1993NN.pdf) (562Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1993). Self-organizing neural networks for stable control of autonomous behavior in a changing world. In J.G. Taylor (Ed.), Mathematical approaches to neural networks . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, pp.139-197. Available in PDF (Gro1993SelfOrganNN.pdf) (8,127Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Guenther, F., Bullock, D., and Greve, D. (1993). Neural representations for sensory-motor control, II: Learning a head-centered visuomotor representation of 3-D target position. Neural Networks, 6, 43-67. Available in PDF (GroGueBulGre1993NN.pdf) (422Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., and Mingolla, E. (1993). Neural dynamics of motion perception: Direction fields, apertures, and resonant grouping. Perception and Psychophysics, 53, 243-278. Available in PDF (GroMin1993P&P.pdf) (877Kb).

    1992

      • Bullock, D. and Grossberg, S. (1992). Emergence of tri-phasic muscle activation from the nonlinear interactions of central and spinal neural network circuits. Human Movement Science, 11, 157-167. Available in PDF (BulGro1992HMS.pdf)(144Kb).
      • Bradski, G., Carpenter, G. and Grossberg, S. (1992). Working memory networks for learning temporal order with application to 3-D visual object recognition. Neural Computation, 4, 270-286. Available in PDF (BraCarGro1992NN.pdf)(189Kb).
      • Carpenter, G. and Grossberg, S. (1992). A self-organizing neural network for supervised learning, recognition, and prediction. IEEE Communications Magazine, 30, 38-49. Available in PDF (CarGro1992IEEEComm.pdf)(399Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., Markuzon, N., Reynolds, J.H., and Rosen, D.B. (1992). Attentive supervised learning and recognition by an adaptive resonance system. In G.A. Carpenter and S. Grossberg (Eds.), Neural networks for vision and image processing . Cambridge , MA : MIT Press, pp.365-384. Available in PDF (CarGroMarReyRos1992NNVIP.pdf ) (375Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., Markuzon, N., Reynolds, J.H., and Rosen, D.B. (1992). Fuzzy ARTMAP: A neural network architecture for incremental supervised learning of analog multidimensional maps. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 3, 698-713. Available in PDF (CarGroMarRey1992IEEETransNN.pdf) (1.56Mb).
      • Gaudiano, P. and Grossberg, S. (1992). Adaptive vector integration to endpoint: Self-organizing neural circuits for control of planned movement trajectories. Human Movement Science, 11, 141-155. Available in PDF (GauGro1992HMS.pdf ) (177Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Merrill, J.W.L. (1992). A neural network model of adaptively timed reinforcement learning and hippocampal dynamics. Cognitive Brain Research, 1 , 3-38. Available in PDF (GroMer1992CogRes.pdf) (10,245Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1992). Neural dynamics of visual motion perception: Local detection and global grouping. In G.A. Carpenter and S. Grossberg (Eds.), Neural networks for vision and image processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.293-342. Available in PDF (GroMin1992NNVIP.pdf ) (1,196Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Rudd, M.E. (1992). Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion (with M.E. Rudd). Psychological Review , 99 , 78-121. Available in PDF (GroRud1992PsyRev.pdf) (12,058Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Somers, D. (1992). Synchronized oscillations for binding spatially distributed feature codes into coherent spatial patterns. In G.A. Carpenter and S. Grossberg (Eds.), Neural networks for vision and image processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.385-406. Available in PDF (GroSom1992NNVIP.pdf) (565Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Wyse, L. (1992). Figure-ground separation of connected scenic figures: Boundaries, filling-in, and opponent processing. In G.A. Carpenter and S. Grossberg (Eds.), Neural networks for vision and image processing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.161-194.. Available in PDF (GroWys1992NNVIP.pdf) (810Kb).

    1991

      • Bullock, D. and Grossberg, S. (1991). Adaptive neural networks for control of movement trajectories invariant under speed and force rescaling. Human Movement Science, 10, 3-53. Available in PDF (BulGro1991HMS.pdf)(2.70Mb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Reynolds, J.H. (1991). ARTMAP: Supervised real-time learning and classification of nonstationary data by a self-organizing neural network. Neural Networks, 4, 565-588. Available in PDF (CarGroRey1991NN.pdf)(2.12Mb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Rosen, D.B. (1991). ART 2-A: An adaptive resonance algorithm for rapid category learning and recognition. Neural Networks, 4, 493-504. Available in PDF (CarGroRos1991NNART2A.pdf)(1.33Mb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Rosen, D.B. (1991). Fuzzy ART: Fast stable learning and categorization of analog patterns by an adaptive resonance system. Neural Networks, 4, 759-771. Available in PDF (CarGroRos1991NNFuzzyART.pdf)(1.15Mb).
      • Gaudiano P. and Grossberg S. (1991). Vector associative maps: Unsupervised real-time error-based learning and control of movement trajectories. Neural Networks, 4, 147-183. Available in PDF (GuaGro1991NNVAM.pdf)(500Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1991). Why do parallel cortical systems exist for the perception of static form and moving form? Perception and Psychophysics, 49, 117-141. Available in PDF (Gro1991PandP.pdf)(731Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Somers, D. (1991). Synchronized oscillations during cooperative feature linking in a cortical model of visual perception. Neural Networks, 4, 453-466. Available in PDF (GroSom1991NN.pdf)(660Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Wyse, L. (1991). Invariant recognition of cluttered scenes by a self-organizing ART architecture: Figure-ground separation. Neural Networks, 1991, 4, 723-742. Available in PDF (GroWyse1991NN.pdf)(1965Kb).

    1990

      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1990). ART 3: Hierarchical search using chemical transmitters in self- organizing pattern recognition architectures. Neural Networks, 3, 129-152. Available in PDF (CarGro1990NN.pdf)(1.86Mb).
      • Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1990). Unitized recognition codes for parts and wholes: The unique cue in configural discriminations (with M.A. Cohen). In M. Commons, R. Herrnstein, S. Kosslyn, and D. Mumford (Eds.), Computational and clinical approaches to pattern recognition and concept formation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Available in PDF (CohenGro1990UniRecogCodes.pdf)(1,551Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1990). Computational theories of visual perception (with R. Shapley, T. Caelli, M. Morgan, and T. Rentschler). In L.Spillmann and J.S. Werner (Eds.), Visual perception: The neurophysiological foundations. New York: Academic Press, pp.417-448. Available in PDF (Gro1990SpillWernBkChpt.pdf)(4,137Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1990). Neural FACADES: Visual representations of static and moving form-and-color-and-depth. Mind and Language (Special issue on Understanding Vision), 5, 411-456. Available in PDF (Gro1990NeuralFacade.pdf)(1696Kb).

    1989

      • Bullock, D. and Grossberg, S. (1989). VITE and FLETE: Neural modules for trajectory formation and postural control. In W. Hershberger (Ed.), Volitional action. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp.253-297. Available in PDF (BulGro1989VolitionalAction.pdf)(524Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Grossberg, S., and Mehanian, C. (1989). Invariant recognition of cluttered scenes by a self- organizing ART architecture: CORT-X boundary segmentation. Neural Networks, 2, 169-181. Available in PDF (CarGroMeh1989NN.pdf)(889Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Kuperstein, M. (1989). Neural dynamics of adaptive sensory-motor control: Expanded edition. Elmsford , NY: Pergamon Press. Available in PDF. Link to an index of the book chapters here: GrossbergKuperstein1989.html.
      • Grossberg, S. and Marshall, J. (1989). Stereo boundary fusion by cortical complex cells: A system of maps, filters, and feedback networks for multiplexing distributed data. Neural Networks, 2, 29-51. Available in PDF (GroMar1989NN.pdf)(414Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Mingolla, E., and Todorovic, D. (1989). A neural network architecture for preattentive vision. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 36, 65-84. Available in PDF (GroMinTod1989IEEE.pdf)(3,150Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Rudd, M. (1989). A neural architecture for visual motion perception: Group and element apparent motion (with M. Rudd). Neural Networks, 2, 421-450. Available in PDF (GroRud1989NeuNet.pdf)(7,546Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Schmajuk, N.A. (1989). Neural dynamics of adaptive timing and temporal discrimination during associative learning. Neural Networks, 2 , 79-102. Available in PDF (GroSchmajuk1989NN.pdf)(5,710Kb).

    1988

      • Bullock, D. and Grossberg, S. (1988). Neural dynamics of planned arm movements: Emergent invariants and speed-accuracy properties during trajectory formation. Psychological Review, 95 , 49-90. Available in PDF (BullGro1988PsychRev.pdf)(10,980Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1988). The ART of adaptive pattern recognition by a self-organizing neural network. Computer, 21, 77-88.. Available in PDF (CarGro1988Computer.pdf)(264Kb).
      • Cohen, M.A., Grossberg, S., Stork, D.G. (1988). Speech perception and production by a self-organizing neural network (with M.A. Cohen and D.G. Stork). In Y.C. Lee (Ed.), Evolution, learning, cognition, and advanced architectures . Hong Kong : World Scientific Publishers, pp.217-231. Available in PDF (CohGroStork1988LeeChapter) (4,141Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1988) Nonlinear neural networks: Principles, mechanisms, and architectures. Neural Networks, 1 , 17-61. Available in PDF (Gro1988NN.pdf)(11,497Kb).
      • Grossberg, S., Levine, D. and Schmajuk, N.A. (1988). Predictive regulation of associative learning in a neural network by reinforcement and attentive feedback. International Journal of Neurology, 21-22, 83-104. Available in PDF (GroLevSch1988IJN.pdf)(2096Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Todorovic, D. (1988). Neural dynamics of 1-D and 2-D brightness perception: A unified model of classical and recent phenomena. Perception and Psychophysics, 43, 241-277. Available in PDF (GroTodorovic1988P&P.pdf)(9177Kb).

    1987

      • Banquet, J.P. and Grossberg, S. (1987). Probing cognitive processes through the structure of event-related potentials during learning: An experimental and theoretical analysis. Applied Optics, 26 , 4931-4946. Available in PDF (BanquetGro1987AppliedOptics.pdf)(4,500Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., Cohen, M.A., and Grossberg, S. (1987). Computing with neural networks: The role of symmetry. Science, 235, 1226-1227. Available in PDF (CarCohGro1987science.pdf)(499Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1987). ART 2: Stable self-organization of pattern recognition codes for analog input patterns. Applied Optics, 26 , 4919-4930. Available in PDF (CarGro1987AppliedOptics.pdf)(3,712Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., and Grossberg, S. (1987). A massively parallel architecture for a self-organizing neural pattern recognition machine. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 37, 54-115. Available in PDF (CarGro1987CVGIP.pdf)(8,720Kb).
      • Carpenter, G.A., and Grossberg, S. (1987). Neural dynamics of category learning and recognition: Attention, memory consolidation, and amnesia. In J. Davis, R. Newburgh, and E. Wegman (Eds.), Brain structure, learning, and memory. Westview Press, 233-290. Available in PDF (CarGro1987DavisChapter.pdf)(10,358Kb)
      • Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1987). Masking fields: A massively parallel neural architecture for learning, recognizing, and predicting multiple groupings of patterned data. Applied Optics, 26, 1866-1891. Available in PDF (CohGro1987AppliedOptics.pdf)(6,967Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1987). Competitive learning: From interactive activation to adaptive resonance. Cognitive Science, 11, 23-63. Available in PDF (Gro1987CogSci.pdf)(7,921Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1987). Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception, I: Monocular theory. Perception and Psychophysics, 41, 87-116. Available in PDF (Gro1987P&P_I.pdf)(7,857Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1987). Cortical dynamics of three-dimensional form, color, and brightness perception, II: Binocular theory. Perception and Psychophysics, 41, 117-158. Available in PDF (Gro1987P&P_II.pdf)(10,877Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Gutowski, W.E. (1987). Neural dynamics of decision making under risk: Affective balance and cognitive-emotional interactions. Psychological Review, 94, 300-318. Available in PDF (GroGutowski1987PsychRev.pdf )(5,458Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Levine, D.S. (1987). Neural dynamics of attentionally modulated Pavlovian conditioning: Blocking, inter-stimulus interval, and secondary reinforcement. Applied Optics, 26, 5015-5030. Available in PDF (GroLevine1987AppliedOptics.pdf) (4,261Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1987). Neural dynamics of surface perception: Boundary webs, illuminants, and shape-from-shading. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 37, 116-165. Available in PDF (GroMin1987CVGIP.pdf) (831Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Schmajuk, N.A. (1987). Neural dynamics of attentionally-modulated Pavlovian conditioning: Conditioned reinforcement, inhibition, and opponent processing. Psychobiology, 15, 195-240. Available in PDF (GroSchmajuk1987Psychobiol.pdf) (14,571Kb).

    1986

      • Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1986). Neural dynamics of speech and language coding: Developmental programs, perceptual grouping, and competition for short-term memory. Human Neurobiology, 5, 1-22. Available in PDF (CohGro1986HumanNeuro.pdf)(6590Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1986). The adaptive self-organization of serial order in behavior: Speech, language, and motor control. In E.C. Schwab and H.C. Nusbaum (Eds.), Pattern recognition by humans and machines, Vol. 1: Speech perception. New York: Academic Press, pp.187-294. Available in PDF (Gro1986SchwabNusbaum.pdf)(20,191Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1986). Computer simulation of neural networks for perceptual psychology. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 18, 601-607. Available in PDF (GroMin1986BRMIC.pdf)(2,092Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Stone, G.O (1986). Neural dynamics of attention switching and temporal order information in short-term memory. Memory and Cognition, 14, 451-468. Available in PDF (GroStone1986MemCog.pdf)(4,330Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Stone, G.O. (1986). Neural dynamics of word recognition and recall: Attentional priming, learning, and resonance. Psychological Review, 93, 46-74. Available in PDF (GroStone1986PsychRev.pdf)(8,308Kb).

    1985

      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1985). A neural theory of circadian rhythms: Split rhythms, after-effects, and motivational interactions. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 113 , 163-223. Available in PDF (CarGro1985JTheorBiol.pdf)(8,052Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1985). Neural dynamics of perceptual grouping: Textures, boundaries, and emergent segmentations. Perception and Psychophysics, 38, 141-171. Available in PDF (GroMin1985P&P.pdf)(8,350Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Mingolla, E. (1985). Neural dynamics of form perception: Boundary completion, illusory figures, and neon color spreading. Psychological Review, 92, 173-211. Available in PDF (GroMin1985PsychRev.pdf)(11,253Kb).

    1984

      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1984). A neural theory of circadian rhythms: Aschoff’s rule in diurnal and nocturnal mammals. American Journal of Physiology (Regulatory, Integrative, and Comparative Physiology), 24, R1067-R1082. Available in PDF (CarGro1984AmJPhysiol.pdf)(3882Kb).
      • Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1984). Neural dynamics of brightness perception: Features, boundaries, diffusion, and resonance. Perception and Psychophysics, 36, 428-456. Available in PDF (CohGro1984P&P.pdf)(8,549Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1984). Outline of a theory of brightness, color, and form perception. In E. Degreef and J. van Buggenhaut (Eds.), Trends in mathematical psychology. Amsterdam: North-Holland, pp. 59-85. Available in PDF (Gro1984TiMP.pdf)(327Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1984). Some normal and abnormal behavioral syndromes due to transmitter gating of opponent processes. Biological Psychiatry, 19, 1075-1118. Available in PDF (Gro1984BioPsych.pdf)(14,938Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1984). Some psychophysiological and pharmacological correlates of a developmental, cognitive, and motivational theory. In R. Karrer, J. Cohen, and P. Tueting (Eds.), Brain and information: Event related potentials . New York : New York Academy of Sciences, pp.58-142. Available in PDF (Gro1984NYAcademy.pdf)(18,372Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1984). Unitization, automaticity, temporal order, and word recognition. Cognition and Brain Theory, 7, 263-283. Available in PDF (Gro1984CogBrainTheory.pdf)(3,878Kb).

    1983

      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1983). A neural theory of circadian rhythms: The gated pacemaker. Biological Cybernetics, 48 , 35-59. Available in PDF (CarGro1983BiolCyb.pdf)(7,232Kb).
      • Cohen, M.A. and Grossberg, S. (1983). Absolute stability of global pattern formation and parallel memory storage by competitive neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-13, 815-826. Available in PDF (CohGro1983IEEE.pdf)(3,060kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1983). Adaptation and gain normalization: A comment on Ullman and Schechtman (1982). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London (B), 219, 471-473. Available in PDF (Gro1983PRSL.pdf) (45Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1983). The quantized geometry of visual space: The coherent computation of depth, form, and lightness. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 6, 625-692. Available in PDF (Gro1983BBS.pdf) (21,680Kb).

    1982

      • Grossberg, S. (1982). A psychophysiological theory of reinforcement, drive, motivation, and attention. Journal of Theoretical Neurobiology, 1, 286-369. Available in PDF (Gro1982JTN.pdf)(12,101Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1982). Associative and competitive principles of learning and development: The temporal unfolding and stability of STM and LTM patterns. In S.I. Amari and M. Arbib (Eds.), Competition and cooperation in neural networks. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1982. Available in PDF (Gro1982AmariChapter.pdf) (8620Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1982). Processing of expected and unexpected events during conditioning and attention: A psychophysiological theory. Psychological Review, 89, 529-572. Available in PDF (PsychRev1982.pdf) (3884Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1982). Why do cells compete? Some examples from visual perception. The UMAP Journal, 3, 103-121. Available in PDF (Gro1982UMAPJ.pdf) (267Kb).

    1981

      • Carpenter, G.A. and Grossberg, S. (1981). Adaptation and transmitter gating in vertebrate photoreceptors. Journal of Theoretical Neurobiology, 1, 1-42. Available in PDF (CarGro1981JTN.pdf)(6,554Kb).

    1980

      • Grossberg, S. (1980). Biological competition: Decision rules, pattern formation, and oscillations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 77, 2338-2342. Available in PDF (Gro1980PNAS.pdf)(1,379Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1980). How does a brain build a cognitive code? Psychological Review, 87, 1-51. Available in PDF (Gro1980PsychRev.pdf)(14,739Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1980). Intracellular mechanisms of adaptation and self-regulation in self-organizing networks: The role of chemical transducers. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 42, 365-396. Available in PDF (Gro1980BMB.pdf)(429Kb).

    1978

      • Grossberg, S. (1978). Communication, Memory, and Development. In R. Rosen and F. Snell (Eds.), Progress in theoretical biology, Volume 5. New York: Academic Press, pp. 183-232. Available in PDF (Gro1978Communication.pdf) (1,313Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1978). A theory of human memory: Self-organization and performance of sensory-motor codes, maps, and plans. In R. Rosen and F. Snell (Eds.), Progress in theoretical biology, Volume 5. New York: Academic Press, pp. 233-374. Available in PDF (Gro1978HumanMemory.pdf)(25,410Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1978). Behavioral contrast in short-term memory: Serial binary memory models or parallel continuous memory models? Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 3, 199-219. Available in PDF (Gro1978JMathPsych.pdf)(3,697Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1978). Competition, decision, and consensus. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 66, 470-493. Available in PDF (Gro1978JMathAnalysisApps.pdf)(3,981Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1978). Decisions, patterns, and oscillations in nonlinear competitive systems with applications to Volterra-Lotka systems. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 73, 101-130. Available in PDF (Gro1978JTB.pdf)(806Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1978). Do all neural models really look alike? Psychological Review, 85, 592-596. Available in PDF (Gro1978PsyRev.pdf)(331Kb).

    1977

      • Squires, N.K., Donchin, E., Squires, K.C., and Grossberg, S. (1977). Bisensory stimulation: Inferring decision-related processes from the P300 component. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 299-315. Available in PDF (SquDonSquGro1977JEPHPP.pdf)(1,193Kb).

    1976

      • Grossberg, S. (1976). Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding, I: Parallel development and coding of neural feature detectors. Biological Cybernetics, 23, 121-134. Available in PDF (Gro1976BiolCyb_I.pdf)(3,813Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1976). Adaptive pattern classification and universal recoding, II: Feedback, expectation, olfaction, and illusions. Biological Cybernetics, 23, 187-202. Available in PDF (Gro1976BiolCyb_II.pdf)(4,634Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Levine, D. (1976). On visual illusions in neural networks: Line neutralization, tilt aftereffect, and angle expansion. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 61, 477-504 Available in PDF (GroLev1976JTheorBio.pdf)(348Kb).

    1975

      • Ellias, S.A. and Grossberg, S. (1975). Pattern formation, contrast control, and oscillations in the short-term memory of shunting on-center off-surround networks. Biological Cybernetics, 20, 69-98. Available in PDF (EllGro1975BiolCyb.pdf)(1,923Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1975). A neural model of attention, reinforcement, and discrimination learning. International Review of Neurobiology, 18, 263-327. Available in PDF (Gro1975IntRevNeurobiol.pdf)(11,977Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1975). On the development of feature detectors in the visual cortex with applications to learning and reaction-diffusion systems. Biological Cybernetics, 21, 145-159. Available in PDF (Gro1975BiolCyb.pdf)(1315Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Levine, D. (1975). Some developmental and attentional biases in the contrast enhancement and short-term memory of recurrent neural networks. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53, 341-380. Available in PDF (GroLev1975JTheorBio.pdf)(1801Kb).

    1974

      • Grossberg, S. (1974). Classical and instrumental learning by neural networks. In R. Rosen and F. Snell (Eds.), Progress in theoretical biology. New York: Academic Press, pp. 51-141. Available in PDF (Gro1974ProgressTheorBiol.pdf)(12,862Kb)

    1973

      • Grossberg, S. (1973). Contour enhancement, short-term memory, and constancies in reverberating neural networks. Studies in Applied Mathematics, 52, 213-257. Available in PDF (Gro1973StudiesAppliedMath.pdf)( 6,671Kb).

    1972

      • Grossberg, S. (1972). A neural theory of punishment and avoidance, I: Qualitative theory. Mathematical Biosciences, 15, 39-67. Available in PDF (Gro1972MathBioSci_I.pdf)(5,168Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1972). A neural theory of punishment and avoidance, II: Quantitative theory. Mathematical Biosciences, 15, 253-285. Available in PDF (Gro1972MathBioSci_II.pdf)(6,486Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1972). Neural expectation: Cerebellar and retinal analogs of cells fired by learnable or unlearned pattern classes. Kybernetik, 10, 49-57. Available in PDF (Gro1972Kybernetik.pdf)(2,688Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1972). Pattern learning by functional-differential neural networks with arbitrary path weights. In K. Schmitt (Ed.), Delay and functional-differential equations and their applications. New York: Academic Press, pp.121-160. Available in PDF (Gro1972SchmittChapter.pdf) (6,668Kb).

    1971

      • Grossberg, S. (1971). Embedding fields: Underlying philosophy, mathematics, and applications to psychology, physiology, and anatomy . Journal of Cybernetics, 1, 28-50. Available in PDF (Gro1971JoC.pdf.pdf) (283Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1971). On the dynamics of operant conditioning. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 33, 225-255. Available in PDF (Gro1971JTB.pdf) (13,366Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1971). Pavlovian pattern learning by nonlinear neural networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 68, 828-831. Available in PDF (Gro1971ProNatAcaSci.pdf) (344Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Pepe, J. (1971). Spiking threshold and overarousal effects in serial learning. Journal of Statistical Physics, 3, 95-125. Available in PDF (GroPepe1971JoSP.pdf) (441Kb).

    1970

      • Grossberg, S. (1970). Neural pattern discrimination. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 27, 291-337. Available in PDF (Gro1970JTheorBiology.pdf) (5,626Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1970). Some networks that can learn, remember, and reproduce any number of complicated space-time patterns, II. Studies in Applied Mathematics, 49, 135-166. Available in PDF (Gro1970SiAM.pdf) (7,008Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. and Pepe, J. (1970). Schizophrenia: Possible dependence of associational span, bowing, and primacy vs. recency on spiking threshold. Behavioral Science, 15, 359-362. Available in PDF (GroPep1970BehSci.pdf) (335Kb).

    1969

      • Grossberg, S. (1969). A global prediction (or learning) theory for some nonlinear functional-differential equations. In J.A. Nohel (Ed.), Studies in applied mathematics, advances in differential and integral equations. Vol. 5. Philadelphia: SIAM, pp.64-70. Available in PDF (Gro1969GloPreNohelChapter.pdf) (847Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). Embedding fields: A theory of learning with physiological implications. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 6, 209-239. Available in PDF (Gro1969JMathPsychEmbFields.pdf) (5,677Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). Learning and energy-entropy dependence in some nonlinear functional-differential systems. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 75, 1238-1242. Available in PDF (Gro1969LearnEner.pdf) (205Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). On learning and energy-entropy dependence in recurrent and nonrecurrent signed networks. Journal of Statistical Physics, 1, 319-350. Available in PDF (Gro1969JourStatPhy.pdf) (4,379Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). On learning, information, lateral inhibition, and transmitters. Mathematical Biosciences, 4, 255-310. Available in PDF (Gro1969MathBio.pdf) (2,386Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). On learning of spatiotemporal patterns by networks with ordered sensory and motor components, I: Excitatory components of the cerebellum. Studies in Applied Mathematics, 48, 105-132. Available in PDF (Gro1969StuAppMath.pdf) (4,100Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). On the global limits and oscillations of a system of nonlinear differential equations describing a flow of a probabilistic network. Journal of Differential Equations, 5, 531-563. Available in PDF (Gro1969JourDiffEqua.pdf) (1098Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). On the production and release of chemical transmitters and related topics in cellular control Journal of Theoretical Biology, 22, 325-364. Available in PDF (Gro1969TheoretBiol.pdf) (1,702Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). On the serial learning of lists. Mathematical Biosciences, 4, 201-253. Available in PDF (Gro1969MBlists.pdf) (1,319Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). On the variational systems of some nonlinear difference-differential equations. Journal of Differential Equations, 6, 544-577. Available in PDF (Gro1969OnVarSys.pdf) (948Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1969). Some networks that can learn, remember, and reproduce any number of complicated space-time patterns, I. Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics, 19, 53-91. Available in PDF (Gro1969JourMathMech.pdf) (10,497Kb).

    1968

      • Grossberg, S. (1968). A prediction theory for some nonlinear functional-differential equations, I: Learning of lists. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 21, 643-694. Available in PDF (Gro1968JMAA1Learningoflists.pdf)(6739Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1968). A prediction theory for some nonlinear functional-differential equations, II: Learning of patterns. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 22, 490-522. Available in PDF (Gro1968JMAA2Learningofpatterns.pdf)(4166Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1968). Global ratio limit theorems for some nonlinear functional differential equations, I. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 74, 93-100. Available in PDF (Gro1968BulleAmeMathSoc1.pdf)(216Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1968). Global ratio limit theorems for some nonlinear functional differential equations, II. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 74, 101-105. Available in PDF (Gro1968BulleAmeMathSoc2.pdf)(231Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1968). Some nonlinear networks capable of learning a spatial pattern of arbitrary complexity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 59 , 368-372. Available in PDF (Gro1968PNAS59.pdf)(752Kb).
      • Grossberg, S. (1968). Some physiological and biochemical consequences of psychological postulates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 60, 758-765. Available in PDF (Gro1968PNAS60.pdf)(1605Kb).

    1967

      • Grossberg, S. (1967). Nonlinear difference-differential equations in prediction and learning theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 58, 1329-1334. Available in PDF ( Gro1967NonlinPNAS.pdf)(339Kb).

    1964

      • Grossberg, S. (1964). The theory of embedding fields with applications to psychology and neurophysiology. Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. (Gro1964EmbeddingFields.pdf) (17,264 Kb). This is a first-year graduate student paper that created a foundation for much later work, and that was distributed to 125 labs of established psychologists and neuroscientists.