All AMBIT and Retain6 Policy Briefs and Published Papers

Published Papers

Grimsrud A, Holmes CB, Sande L. Build, do not dismantle: leveraging a differentiated service delivery approach for broader health impact amidst funding changes. J Int AIDS Soc 2025; 28: e26514

Mokgethi O, Huber A, Mokhele I, Shumba K, Ntjikelane V, Rosen S, Pascoe S. Aligning HIV treatment and hypertension clinic visits and dispensing as a first step toward service delivery integration in South Africa: A short report. J Int AIDS Soc 2025; 28; e26444.

Lekodeba N, Rosen S, Phiri B, Masuku S, Govathson C, Kamanga A, Haimbe P, Shakwelele S, Mwansa M, Lumano-Mulenga P, Huber A, Pascoe S, Jamieson L, Nichols BE. Optimal mix of differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in Zambia: a mathematical modelling study. JIAS 2025; 28:e70003.

Mokhele I, Ntjikelane V, Scott N, Kaiser JL, Morgan A, Huber A, Mokgethi O, Tchereni T, Phiri W, Kamanga A, Haimbe P, Lumano-Mulenga P, Nyirenda R, Pascoe S, Rosen S. Are HIV treatment clients offered a choice of differentiated service delivery models? Evidence from Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia. Patient Preference and Adherence; 2025;19:1825-1841.

Ntjikelane V, Phiri B, Kaiser J, Rosen S, Morgan A, Huber A, Mokhele I, Tcherini T, Ngoma S, Lumano Mulenga P, Pascoe S, Scott S. Effect of differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment on healthcare providers’ job satisfaction and workloads in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed methods study from Malawi, Zambia, and South Africa. Hum Resour Health 23, 25 (2025).

Maskew M, Smith S, De Voux L, Sharpey-Schafer K, Crompton T, Govender A, Pisa P, Rosen S. Triaging clients at risk of disengagement from HIV care: Application of a predictive model to clinical trial data in South Africa. Risk Management and Health Policy 2025; 18 1601–1619.

Ntjikelane V, Huber A, Morgan A, Pascoe S, Manganye M, Malala L, Rosen S. Primary healthcare providers’ perspectives on six-month dispensing of HIV medication in South Africa: a cross-sectional survey. Global Health Action 2025; 18(1).

Mutanda, N., Morgan, A., Kamanga, A. et al. Experiences and preferences in Zambia and South Africa for delivery of HIV treatment during a client’s first six months: Results of the PREFER study’s cross-sectional baseline survey. AIDS Behav (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-025-04640-y.

Jo Y, Rosen S, Nichols BE, Jamieson L, Lekodeba N, Horsburgh CR. Integrated multi-month dispensing for HIV and hypertension in South Africa: a model of epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness. JIAS 2025: 28:e26413.

Maskew M, Benade M, Huber A, Pascoe S, Sande L, Rosen S. Patterns of engagement in care during clients first 12 months after HIV treatment initiation in South Africa: a retrospective cohort analysis using routinely collected data. PLOS Global Public Health 2024; 4: e0002956.

Mokhele I, Huber A, Rosen S, Kaiser JL, Lekodeba N, Ntjikelane V, Hendrickson C, Scott N, Pascoe S. Satisfaction with service delivery among HIV treatment clients enrolled in differentiated and conventional models of care in South Africa: a baseline survey. J Int AIDS Soc 2024;27:e26233.

Benade M, Maskew M, Juntunen A, Rosen S. Prior exposure to antiretroviral therapy among adult patients presenting for HIV treatment initiation or re-initiation in sub- Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071283.doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-071283.

Benade M, Nichols B, Fatti G, Kuchukhidze S, Takarinda K, Mabhena-Ngorima N, Grimwood A, Rosen S. Economic evaluation of a cluster randomized, non-inferiority trial of differentiated service delivery models of HIV treatment in Zimbabwe. (Research supported by USAID/PEPFAR under EQUIP.) PLOS Global Public Health 2023; 3: e0000493.

Maskew M, Ntjikelane V, Juntenen A, Scott N, Benade M, Sande L, Haweeka P, Haimbe P, Lumano-Mulenga P, Shakewelele H, Mukumbwa-Mwenechanya M, Rosen S. Preferences for services in a patient’s first six months on antiretroviral therapy for HIV in South Africa and Zambia (PREFER): research protocol for a prospective observational cohort study. Gates Open Research 2023, 7:119.

Maskew M, Rosen S. Estimating the impact of differentiated models for HIV care (commentary). Lancet HIV 2023; 10: e628-29.

Jo Y, Jamieson L, Phiri B, Grimsrud A, Mwansa M, Shakwelele H, Haimbe P, Mukumbwa-Mwenechanya M, Mulano Mulenga P, Nichols BE, Rosen S. Attrition from HIV treatment after enrollment in a differentiated service delivery model: a cohort analysis of routine care in Zambia. PLOS One 2023; 18: e0280748

Maskew M, Sharpey-Schafer K, De Voux L, Crompton T, Bor J, Rennick M, Chirowodza A, Miot J, Molefi S, Onaga C, Majuba P, Sanne I, Pisa P. Applying machine learning and predictive modeling to retention and viral suppression in South African HIV treatment cohorts. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 26;12(1):12715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16062-0. PMID: 35882962; PMCID: PMC9325703.

Guthrie T, Muheke C, Rosen S, Kanoowe S; Lagony S; Greener R; Miot J; Balidawa H; Kiggundu J; Calnan J; Dejene S; Xulu T; Sigwebele N; Long L. Similar costs and outcomes for differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in Uganda. BMC Health Services Research (2022) 22:1315. (Research supported by USAID/PEPFAR under EQUIP.)

Rosen S, Nichols B, Guthrie T, Benade M, Kuchukhidze S, Long L. Do differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa save money? Synthesis of evidence from field studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa in 2017-2019. Gates Open Research 2021, 5:177

Nichols BE, Rosen S. Economic evaluations of differentiated service delivery should include savings and ancillary benefits, not only health system costs: authors’ reply. AIDS 2021;35:2235-2236.

Ehrenkranz P, Rosen S, Boulle A, Eaton J, Fox MP, Ford N, Grimsrud A, Rice BD, Sikazwe I, Holmes C. The revolving door of HIV care: Revising the care cascade to achieve the 95-95-95 goals. PLOS Med 2021; 18: e1003651.

Nichols BE, Cele R, Lekodeba N, Tukei B, Norima-Mabhena N, Tiam A, Maotoe T, Sejana MV, Faturiyele I, Chasela C, Rosen S, Fatti G. Economic evaluation of a cluster randomized trial of differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in Lesotho: costs to providers and patients. J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24: e25692. (Research supported by USAID/PEPFAR under EQUIP.)

Nichols BE, Cele R, Jamieson L, Long L, Siwale Z, Banda P, Moyo C, Rosen S. Community-based service delivery of HIV treatment in Zambia: costs and outcomes. AIDS 2021:299-306. PMID: 33170578. (Research supported by USAID/PEPFAR under EQUIP.)

Jamieson L, Rosen S, Phiri B, Grimsrud A, Mwansa M, Shakwelele H, Haimbe P, Mwenechanya MM, Lumano Mulenga P, Nichols BE. How soon should patients be eligible for differentiated service delivery models for antiretroviral treatment? Evidence from Zambia. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064070. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064070.

Jo Y, Rosen S, Sy KTL, Phiri B, Huber AN, Mwansa M, Shakwelele H, Haimbe P, Mwenechanya MM, Lumano Mulenga P, Nichols BE. Changes in HIV treatment differentiated care uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia: interrupted time series analysis. J Int AIDS Soc 2021;24 (Suppl6): e25808.

Huber A, Pascoe S, Nichols B, Long L, Kuchukhidze S, Phiri B, Tchereni T, Rosen S. Differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia: a landscape analysis. Glob Heal Sci Pract 2021;9(2).

Hoffman RM, Moyo C, Balakasi K, Siwale Z, Hubbard J, Bardon A, Fox MP, Kakwesa G, Kalua T, Haambokoma M, Dovel K, Campbell P, Tseng C, Pisa TP, Cele R, Gupta S, Benade M, Long L, Xulu T, Sanne I, Rosen S. Multi-month dispensing of up to six months of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi and Zambia: Results of a cluster-randomized trial. Lancet Global Health 2021; 9: E628-E638. (Research supported by USAID/PEPFAR under EQUIP.)

Hoffman RM, Balakasi K, Bardon A, Siwale Z, Hubbard J, Kakwesa G, Maambokoma M, Kalua T, Pisa P, Moyo C, Dovel K, Xulu T, Sanne I, Fox MP, Rosen S, for EQUIP Health. Eligibility for differentiated models of HIV treatment service delivery: an estimate from Malawi and Zambia. AIDS 2020; 34:475–479. (Research supported by USAID/PEPFAR under EQUIP.)

Larson BA, Pascoe S, Huber A, Long L, Murphy J, Miot J, Fox MP, Fraser-Hurt N, Rosen S. Will differentiated care for stable HIV patients reduce healthcare systems costs? J Int AIDS Soc 2020; 23:e25541. (Research supported by USAID/PEPFAR under INROADS.)

Long L, Kuchukhidze S, Pascoe S, Nichols BE, Fox MP, Cele R, Govathson C, Huber AN, Flynn D, Rosen S. Retention in care and viral suppression in differentiated service delivery models for HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: a rapid systematic review. J Int AIDS Soc 2020; 23: e25640.

Long L, Kuchukhidze S, Pascoe S, Nichols B, Cele R, Govathson C, Huber A, Flynn D, Rosen S. Differentiated models of service delivery for antiretroviral treatment of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A rapid review protocol. Systematic Reviews 2019; 8:314.

Preprints

Ngoma T, Kamanga A, Scott N, Morgan A, Reddy Marri A, Makwalu T, Mulenga L, Sivile S, Benade M, Haimbe P, Shakwelele H, Rosen S. Advanced HIV disease during the first six months on antiretroviral therapy in Zambia: research protocol for a prospective, observational, multi-cohort study [version 1]. VeriXiv2025, 2:134.

Mutanda N, Morgan A, Huber A, Scott N, Mokhele I, Tcherini T, Masina T, Nyerenda R, Kamanga A, Lumano-Mulenga P, Rosen S, Pascoe S. Experiences of testing negative or positive for HIV in Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia: cross-sectional survey. MedRxiv 2025. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.24.25324300v1.

Huber A, Jamieson L, Fox MP, Manganye M, Malala L, Chidarikire T, Khoza N, Nichols BE, Rosen S, Pascoe S. The impact of differentiated service delivery (DSD) on retention in care and viral suppression in South Africa: A target trial emulation of routine care data. MedRxiv 2024. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.11.24315285v1.

Kachingwe E, Mutanda N, Ntijikelane V, Benade M, Mangany M, Malala L, Rosen S. Characteristics and six-month viral load suppression of clients presenting with advanced HIV disease in South Africa. medRxiv 2025. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.03.17.25324097v1

Sande L, Mariet B, Tcherini T, Kamanga A, Ntjikelane V, Morgan A, et al. Facility-level integration of hypertension and diabetes services with HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia. medRxiv 2024. https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2024.07.10.24310225v1.

Maskew M, Sande LA, Benade M Ntjikelane V, Scott N, Rosen S. Implementation of tools for predicting future risks of poor HIV care outcomes in primary healthcare facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa: A narrative review and discussion of lessons learned [version 1]. VeriXiv 2025, 2:138.

Benade M, Maskew M, Chilembo P, Wa Mwanza M, Savory T, Nichols BE, Bolton Moore C, Mulenga L, Sivile S, Zymango K, Rosen S. Patterns of engagement in care during clients’ first 12 months after HIV treatment initiation in Zambia: a retrospective cohort analysis using routinely collected data. Preprint. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.10.03.24314849v1.

Benade M, Maskew M, Ntjikelane V, Scott N, Ngcobo N, Nichols BE, Malala L, Manganye M, Rosen S. Prior antiretroviral therapy exposure among clients presenting for HIV treatment initiation in South Africa: an exploratory mixed-methods study using multiple indicators of exposure.