Retain6 Resources
For reports and presentations from November 2023 Retain6 workshops in South Africa and Zambia, click here.
For posters and presentations from AIDS 2024 (July, Munich, Germany), click here.
Scroll down for:
- Advanced HIV disease
- Integration of HIV and non-HIV care
- Risk triaging
- Patterns of engagement in care
- Client preferences
- Naive v non-naive ART initiators
- Models of service delivery
- Retain6 project descriptions
Advanced HIV disease
Ngoma T, Morgan A, Marri A, Makwalu T, Scott NA Rosen S. Facility-level capacity to diagnose and manage advanced HIV disease in Zambia: healthcare staff perceptions. Retain6 policy brief, Sept 22, 2025.
Ngoma T, Kamanga A, Scott N, Morgan A, Reddy Marri A, Makwalu T, Mulenga L, Sivile S, Benade M, Haimbe P, Shakwelele H, Rosen S. Advanced HIV disease during the first six months on antiretroviral therapy in Zambia: research protocol for a prospective, observational, multi-cohort study. Gates Open Res 2025, 9:66.
Kachingwe E, Mutanda N, Ntijikelane V, Benade M, Mangany M, Malala L, Rosen S, Maskew M. Characteristics and six-month viral load suppression of clients presenting with advanced HIV disease in South Africa. PLOS Glob Public Health 5(9): e0004927.
Kachingwe E, Mutanda N, Ntijikelane V, Benade M, Manganya M, Malala L, Rosen S, Maskew M. Clients starting ART with advanced HIV disease in South Africa: characteristics and six-month outcomes. Retain6 policy brief, May 20, 2025.
Integration of HIV and non-HIV care
Grimsrud A, Holmes CB, Sande L. Build, do not dismantle: leveraging a differentiated service delivery approach for broader health impact amidst funding changes. J Int AIDS Soc 2025; 28: e26514
Mokgethi O, Huber A, Mokhele I, Shumba K, Ntjikelane V, Rosen S, Pascoe S. Aligning HIV treatment and hypertension clinic visits and dispensing as a first step toward service delivery integration in South Africa: A short report. J Int AIDS Soc 2025; 28; e26444.
Sande L, Mariet B, Tcherini T, Kamanga A, Ntjikelane V, Morgan A, et al. Facility-level integration of hypertension and diabetes services with HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Malawi, South Africa, and Zambia.
Jo Y, Rosen S, Nichols BE, Jamieson L, Lekodeba N, Horsburgh CR. Integrated multi-month dispensing for HIV and hypertension in South Africa: a model of epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness. JIAS 2025: 28:e26413.
Risk triaging
Maskew M, Smith S, De Voux L, Sharpey-Schafer K, Crompton T, Govender A, Pisa P, Rosen S. Triaging clients at risk of disengagement from HIV care: Application of a predictive model to1clinical trial data in South Africa. Risk Management and Health Policy 2025; 18 1601–1619
Maskew M, Sande LA, Benade M Ntjikelane V, Scott N, Rosen S. Implementation of tools for predicting future risks of poor HIV care outcomes in primary healthcare facilities in Sub-Saharan Africa: A narrative review and discussion of lessons learned [version 1]. VeriXiv 2025, 2:138.
Maskew M, Sharpey-Schafer K, De Voux L, Crompton T, Bor J, Rennick M, Chirowodza A, Miot J, Molefi S, Onaga C, Majuba P, Sanne I, Pisa P. Applying machine learning and predictive modeling to retention and viral suppression in South African HIV treatment cohorts. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 26;12(1):12715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16062-0. PMID: 35882962; PMCID: PMC9325703.
Retain6 risk triaging workshop report April 18, 2023.
Patterns of engagement in care
Maskew M, Benade M, Huber A, Pascoe S, Sande L, Rosen S. Patterns of engagement in care during clients first 12 months after HIV treatment initiation in South Africa: a retrospective cohort analysis using routinely collected data. PLOS Global Public Health 2024; 4: e0002956.
Benade M, Maskew M, Chilembo P, Wa Mwanza M, Savory T, Nichols BE, Bolton Moore C, Mulenga L, Sivile S, Zymango K, Rosen S. Patterns of engagement in care during clients’ first 12 months after HIV treatment initiation in Zambia: a retrospective cohort analysis using routinely collected data. BMJ Global Health 2025;10:e017930.
Patterns of retention in care during clients’ first 12 months after HIV treatment initiation in Zambia. Retain6 Policy Brief, October 8, 2024
Patterns of retention in care during clients’ first 12 months after HIV treatment initiation in South Africa. Retain6 Policy Brief, June 8, 2023.
Ehrenkranz P, Rosen S, Boulle A, Eaton J, Fox MP, Ford N, Grimsrud A, Rice BD, Sikazwe I, Holmes C. The revolving door of HIV care: Revising the care cascade to achieve the 95-95-95 goals. PLOS Med 2021; 18: e1003651.
Client preferences
Scott N, Kamanga A, Radoff K, Sande L, Makwalu T, Morgan A, Haimbe P, Shakwelele H, Rosen S. Self-reported stigma and other challenges to HIV treatment adherence for clients in their first 6 months after treatment initiation in Zambia. Preprint.
Morgan AJ, Sande L, Maskew M, Rosen S, Long L, Mutanda N, Pascoe S, Govathson C, Kamanga A, Makwalu T, Lumano-Mulenga P, Malala L, Manganye M, Haimbe P, Shakwelele H, Kachingwe E, Ngoma T, Scott NA. Client preferences for service delivery during the early treatment period in South Africa and Zambia: Mixed-method findings from a discrete choice experiment and concurrent focus group discussions. Preprint, medRxiv
Maskew M, Mutanda N, Scott N, Morgan A, Benade M, Ntjikelane V, Sande L, Malala L, Manganye M, Rosen S. Drivers of disengagement from care during the first six months on antiretroviral therapy for HIV in South Africa. Retain6 Policy Brief, May 16, 2025.
Mutanda, N., Morgan, A., Kamanga, A. et al. Experiences and preferences in Zambia and South Africa for delivery of HIV treatment during a client’s first six months: Results of the PREFER study’s cross-sectional baseline survey. AIDS Behav (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-025-04640-y.
Maskew M, Ntjikelane V, Juntenen A, Scott N, Benade M, Sande L, Haweeka P, Haimbe P, Lumano-Mulenga P, Shakewelele H, Mukumbwa-Mwenechanya M, Rosen S. Preferences for services in a patient’s first six months on antiretroviral therapy for HIV in South Africa and Zambia (PREFER): research protocol for a prospective observational cohort study. Gates Open Research 2023, 7:119.
Naive v non-naive ART initiators
Benade M, Maskew M, Ntjikelane V, Scott N, Ngcobo N, Nichols BE, Malala L, Manganye M, Rosen S. Prior antiretroviral therapy exposure among clients presenting for HIV treatment initiation in South Africa: an exploratory mixed-methods study using multiple indicators of exposure. BMC Infectious Diseases 2025; 25:947
Benade M, Maskew M, Morgan M, Scott N, Ntjikelane V, Ngcobo N, K, Rosen S. Non-disclosure of prior antiretroviral therapy exposure among treatment initiators in South Africa. Retain6 Policy Brief, October 19, 2024.
Benade M, Maskew M, Juntunen A, Rosen S. Prior exposure to antiretroviral therapy among adult patients presenting for HIV treatment initiation or re-initiation in sub- Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2023;
Models of service delivery
Marri AR, Morgan A, Benade M, Flynn DB, Maskew M, Mutanda N, Rosen S. Who does tracing work for? Characteristics of clients successfully re-engaged in ART care in sub-Saharan Africa after a tracing intervention: a systematic review. MedRxiv 2025.
Mutanda N, Ntjikelane V, Kachingwe E, Sande L, Maskew M, Manganye M, Malala L, Rosen S. Tracing and recall of HIV treatment clients who interrupt care in South Africa. Retain6 Policy Brief, September 5, 2025.
Allison Morgan, Sydney Rosen, David Flynn, Mariet Benade, Linda Sande. Who does tracing work for? Characteristics of clients successfully re-engaged in ART care in sub-Saharan Africa after a tracing intervention: a systematic review. PROSPERO 2024, CRD42024534323.
Rosen S, Grimsrud A, Katz I, Ehrenkranz P. Models of service delivery for optimizing a patient’s first six months on ART: an applied research agenda. Gates Open Res 2020, 4:116.
The first six months of HIV treatment: clinic visit schedule and dispensing intervals at Zambian clinics. Retain6 Policy Brief, May 31, 2022.