Featured Publications
Additional publications can be found on Dr. Litz’s Google Scholar profile.
Psychotherapies for Loss, Moral Injury, and PTSD
Darnell, B. C., Vannini, M. B. N., Grunthal, B., Benfer, N., & Litz, B. T. (2022). Adaptive disclosure: Theoretical foundations, evidence, and future directions. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 9(3), 85-100. View PDF
Litz, B. T., Rusowicz-Orazem, L., Doros, G., Grunthal, B., Gray, M., Nash, W., & Lang, A. J. (2021). Adaptive disclosure, a combat-specific PTSD treatment, versus cognitive-processing therapy, in deployed marines and sailors: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Psychiatry Research, 297, 113761. View PDF
Litz, B., & Carney, J. R. (2018). Employing loving-kindness meditation to promote self-and other-compassion among war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 5(3), 201. View PDF
Yeterian, J. D., Berke, D. S., & Litz, B.T. (2017). Psychosocial rehabilitation after war trauma with adaptive disclosure: Design and rationale of a comparative efficacy trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 61, 10-15. View PDF
Litz, B. T., Lebowitz, L., Gray, M., & Nash, W. (2015). Adaptive Disclosure: A New Treatment for Military Trauma, Loss, and Moral Injury. Guilford Press. Access Options
Litz, B. T., Salters-Pedneault, K., Steenkamp, M. M., Hermos, J. A., Bryant, R. A., Otto, M. W., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). A randomized placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine and exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46, 1184-1190. View PDF
Litz, B. T., Engel, C. C., Bryant, R., & Papa, A. (2007). A randomized controlled proof of concept trial of an internet-based therapist-assisted self-management treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1676-1683. View PDF
Moral Injury
Litz, B. T. (2023). The future of moral injury and its treatment. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 9(2), 1–5. View PDF
Benfer, N., Vannini, M. B. N., Grunthal, B., Darnell, B. C., Zerach, G., Levi-Belz, Y., & Litz, B. T. (2023). Moral injury symptoms and related problems among service members and Veterans: A network analysis. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 9(2), 52–71. View PDF
Litz, B. T., Plouffe, R. A., Nazarov, A., Murphy, D., Phelps, A., Coady, A., Houle, S.A., Dell, L., Frankfurt, S., Zerach, G., Levi-Belz, Y., & the Moral Injury Outcome Scale Consortium. (2022). Defining and assessing the syndrome of moral injury: Initial findings of the Moral Injury Outcome Scale Consortium. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 1-13. View PDF
Yeterian, J.D., Berke, D.S., Carney, J.R., McIntyre-Smith, A., St. Cyr, C., King, L., Kline, N.K., Phelps, A., and Litz, B.T. (2019). Defining and measuring moral injury: Rationale, design, and preliminary findings from the Moral Injury Outcome Scale Consortium. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 32(3), 363-372. View PDF
Litz, B. T., & Kerig, P. K. (2019). Introduction to the special issue on moral injury: Conceptual challenges, methodological issues, and clinical applications. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 32(3), 341-349. View PDF
Schorr, Y., Stein, N. R., Maguen, S., Barnes, J. B., Bosch, J., & Litz, B. T. (2018). Sources of moral injury among war veterans: A qualitative evaluation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(12), 2203-2218. View PDF
Gray, M. J., Nash, W. P., & Litz, B. T. (2017). When self-blame is rational and appropriate: The limited utility of Socratic questioning in the context of moral injury: Commentary on Wachen et al.(2016). Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 24(4), 383-387. View PDF
Wortmann, J. H., Eisen, E., Hundert, C., Jordan, A. H., Smith, M. W., Nash, W. P., & Litz, B. T. (2017). Spiritual features of war-related moral injury: A primer for clinicians. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 4(4), 249. View PDF
Nash, W. P., Marino Carper, T. L., Mills, M. A., Au, T., Goldsmith, A., & Litz, B. T. (2013). Psychometric evaluation of the moral injury events scale. Military Medicine, 178(6), 646-652. View PDF
Nash, W. P., & Litz, B. T. (2013). Moral injury: A mechanism for war-related psychological trauma in military family members. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 16, 365-375. View PDF
Drescher, K. D., Foy, D. W., Kelly, C., Leshner, A., Schutz, K., & Litz, B. (2011). An exploration of the viability and usefulness of the construct of moral injury in war veterans. Traumatology, 17(1), 8-13. View PDF
Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009). Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(8), 695-706. View PDF
Measurement-Based Care and Practice-Based Advances in the Study of PTSD
Darnell, B. C., Benfer, N., Vannini, M. B. N., Grunthal, B., Rusowicz-Orazem, L., Fielstein, E., & Litz, B. T. (2023). Expected symptom change trajectories for the early identification of probable treatment nonresponse in VA PTSD specialty care clinics: A proof-of-concept. Psychological Services. View PDF
Benfer, N., Rusowicz-Orazem, L., Fielstein, E. M., Darnell, B. C., Frankfurt, S. B., Mignogna, J., & Litz, B. T. (2022). Leveraging available metadata in VA PTSD clinics and generating benchmarks for clinically significant change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 91(5), 267-279. View PDF
Litz, B. T. (2022). It is time to flip the script and leverage the point of care to discover ways of improving treatment outcomes for posttraumatic stress disorder: Commentary on “A sobering look at treatment effectiveness of military-related posttraumatic stress disorder”(Levi et al., 2021). Clinical Psychological Science, 11(2), 381-387. View PDF
Critical Reviews in Traumatic Stress
Steenkamp, M., Litz, B. T., & Marmar, C. (2020). First-line psychotherapies for military-related PTSD. Journal of the American Medical Association, 323(7), 656-657. View PDF
Litz, B. T., Berke, D. S., Kline, N., Grimm, K., Resick, P. A., Foa, E. B., Wachen, J. S., McLean, C. P., Dondanville, K. A., Borah, A. M., Roache, J. D., Young-McCaughan, S., Yarvis, J. S., Mintz, J., & Peterson, A. L. (2019). Patterns and predictors of change in trauma-focused treatments for war-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(11), 1019-1029. View PDF
Steenkamp, M. M., Litz, B. T., Hoge, C. W., & Marmar, C. R. (2015). Psychotherapy for military-related PTSD: A review of randomized clinical trials, Journal of the American Medical Association, 314, 489-500. View PDF
Litz, B. T. (2014). Clinical heuristics and strategies for service members and veterans with war-related PTSD. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 31(2), 192-205. View PDF
Litz, B. T. (2014). Resilience in the aftermath of war trauma: A critical review and commentary. Interface Focus, 4(5), 20140008. View PDF
Steenkamp, M. M., & Litz, B. T. (2013). Psychotherapy for military-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Review of the evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 45–53. View PDF
Steenkamp, M. M., Nash, W. P., & Litz, B. T. (2013). Posttraumatic stress disorder prevention in troops: Review of the comprehensive soldier fitness program. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 44, 507–512. View PDF
Neria, Y., & Litz, B. T. (2004). Bereavement by traumatic means: The complex synergy of trauma and grief. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 9, 73-87. View PDF
Litz, B. T., Gray, M. J., Bryant, R., & Adler, A. B. (2002). Early intervention for trauma: Current status and future directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 112-134. View PDF