Publications
Journal Articles
Blanchard, M. S., Toomey, R., Karlinsky, J., Reda, D. J., Alpern, R., & Xue, L. (2017). Increased Risk of Chronic Multisymptom Illness in Spouses of Gulf War Era Veterans. Military Medicine. 182(5):e1648-e1656. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00194.
Lyons M.J., Panizzon M.S., Liu W., McKenzie R., Bluestone N.J., Grant M.D., Franz C.E., Vuoksimaa E.P., Toomey R., Jacobson K.C., Reynolds C.A., Kremen W.S., Xian H. (2017). A Longitudinal Twin Study of General Cognitive Ability Over Four Decades. Developmental Psychology. 53(6):1170-1177. doi: 10.1037/dev0000303.
Panizzon, M.S., Neale, M.C., Docherty, A. R., Franz, C. E., Jacobson, K. C., Toomey, R., Xian, H., Vasilopoulos, T., Rana, B. K., McKenzie, R., Lyons, M. J., & Kremen, W.S. (2015). Genetic and Environmental Architecture of Changes in Episodic Memory From Middle to Late Middle Age. Psychology and Aging, 30(2), 286-300. doi: 10.1037/pag0000023
Toomey, R., Panizzon, M. S., Kremen, W.S., Franz, C. E., & Lyons, M. J. (2015). A Twin-Study of Genetic Contributions to Morningness-Eveningness and Depression. Chronobiology International, 32(3), 303-9. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2014.971366
Jak, A. J., Panizzon, M. S., Spoon, K. M., Fennema-Notestine, C., Franz, C. E., Thompson, W. K., Jacobson, K. C., Xian, H., Eyler, L. T., Vuoksimaa, E., Toomey, R., Lyons, M. J., Neale, M. C., Tsuang, M. T., Dale, A. M., & Kremen, W. S. (2015). Hippocampal Atrophy Varies by Neuropsychologically Defined MCI Among Men in Their 50s. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(5), 456-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.08.011
Vasilopoulos, T., Kremen, W. S., Grant, M. D., Panizzon, M. S., Xian, H., Toomey, R., Lyons, M. J., Jacobson, K. C., & Franz, C. E. (2015). Individual differences in cognitive ability at age 20 predict pulmonary function 35 years later. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(3), 261-5. doi: 10.1136/jech-2014-204143
Kremen, W. S., Panizzon, M. S., Franz, C. E., Spoon, K. M., Vuoksimaa, E., Jacobson, K. C., Vasilopoulos, T., Xian, H., McCaffery, J. M., Rana, B. K., Toomey, R., McKenzie, R., & Lyons, M. J. (2014). Genetic complexity of episodic memory: a twin approach to studies of aging. Psychology and Aging, 29(2), 404-17. doi: 10.1037/a0035962
Kremen, W. S., Jak, A. J., Panizzon, M. S., Spoon, K. M., Franz, C. E., Thompson, W. K., Jacobson, K. C.,Vasilopoulos, T., Vuoksimaa, E., Xian, H., Toomey, R., & Lyons, M. J. (2014). Authors’ response to: commentary by Johnson et al. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 612-3. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyu087
Kremen, W. S., Jak, A. J., Panizzon, M. S., Spoon, K. M., Franz, C. E., Thompson, W. K., Jacobson, K. C., Vasilopoulos, T., Vuoksimaa, E., Xian, H., Toomey, R., & Lyons, M. J. (2014). Early identification and heritability of mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 600-10. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt242
Genderson, M. R., Rana, B. K., Panizzon, M. S., Grant, M. D., Toomey, R., Jacobson, K. C., Xian, H., Cronin-Golomb, A., Franz, C. E., Kremen, W. S., & Lyons, M. J. (2013). Genetic and environmental influences on sleep quality in middle-aged men: a twin study. Journal of Sleep Research, 22(5), 519-26. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12048
Vasilopoulos, T., Grant, M. D., Franz, C. E., Panizzon, M. S., Xian, H., Toomey, R., Lyons, M. J., Kremen, W. S., & Jacobson, K. C. (2013). Shared and Distinct Genetic Influences Among Different Measures of Pulmonary Function. Behavior Genetics, 43(2), 141-150. doi: 10.1007/s10519-012-9582-6
Seidman, L. J., Meyer, E. C., Giuliano, A. J., Breiter, H. C., Goldstein, J. M., Kremen, W. S., Thermenos, H. W., Toomey, R., Stone, W. S., Tsuang, M. T., & Faraone, S. V. (2012). Auditory working memory impairments in individuals at familial high risk for schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 26(3), 288-303. doi: 10.1037/a0027970
Vasilopoulos, T., Franz, C. E., Panizzon, M. S., Xian, H., Grant, M. D., Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., Jacobson, K. C., & Kremen, W. S. (2012). Genetic architecture of the Delis-Kaplan executive function system Trail Making Test: Evidence for distinct genetic influences on executive function. Neuropsychology, 26(2), 238-50. doi: 10.1037/a0026768
Vasilopoulos, T., Kremen, W. S., Kim, K., Panizzon, M. S., Stein, P. K., Xian, H., Grant, M. D.,
Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., Eaves, L. J., Franz, C. E., & Jacobson, K. C. (2012). Untreated hypertension decreases heritability of cognition in late middle age. Behavior Genetics, 42(1), 107-20. doi: 10.1007/s10519-011-9479-9
Franz, C. E., Lyons, M. J., O’Brien, R., Panizzon, M. S., Kim, K., Bhat, R., Grant, M. D., Toomey, R., Eisen, S., Xian, H., & Kremen, W. S. (2011). A 35-year longitudinal assessment of cognition and midlife depression symptoms: the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(6), 559-70. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181ef79f1
Kremen, W. S., Panizzon, M. S., Xian, H., Barch, D. M., Franz, C.E., Grant, M. D., Toomey, R., & Lyons, M. J. (2011). Genetic architecture of context processing in late middle age: More than one underlying mechanism. Psychology and Aging, 26(4), 852-63. doi: 10.1037/a0025098
Grant, M. D., Kremen, W. S., Jacobson, K. C., Franz, C., Xian, H., Eisen, S. A., Toomey, R., Murray, R. E., & Lyons, M. J. (2010). Does parental education have a moderating effect on the genetic and environmental influences of general cognitive ability in early adulthood? Behavior Genetics, 40(4), 438-46. doi: 10.1007/s10519-010-9351-3
Toomey, R., Alpern, R., Vasterling, J. J., Baker, D. G., Reda, D. J., Lyons, M. J., Henderson, W. G., Kang, H. K., Eisen, S. A., & Murphy, F. M.. (2009). Neuropsychological functioning of U.S. Gulf War veterans 10 Years after the war. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 15, 717-729. doi: 10.1017/S1355617709990294
Lyons, M., York, R., Franz, C., Grant, M., Eaves, L., Jacobson, K., Schaie, K. W., Panizzon, M., Boake, C., Xian, H., Toomey, R., Eisen, S., & Kremen, W. (2009). Genes determine stability and the environment determines change in cognitive ability during 35 years of adulthood. Psychological Science, 20(9), 1146-1152. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02425.x
Toomey, R. (2008). How healthy is the “healthy warrior”? American Journal of Epidemiology, 167(11), 1277-1280. doi: 0.1093/aje/kwn083
Toomey, R., Kang, H. K., Karlinsky K., Baker, D. G., Vasterling, J. J., Alpern, R., Reda, D. J., Henderson, W. G., Murphy, F. M., & Eisen, S. A. (2007). Mental health of U.S. Gulf War veterans: A psychological evaluation 10 years after the war. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 385-393. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.019539
Wingfield, A., Panizzon, M., Grant, M. D., Toomey, R., Kremen, W. S., Franz, C. E., Jacobson, K. C., Eisen, S. A., & Lyons, M. (2007). A Twin-Study of Genetic Contributions to Hearing Acuity in Late Middle-Age. Journal of Gerontology, Medical Sciences, 62(11), 1294-9.
Eisen, S., Karlinsky, J., Jackson, L., Blanchard, M., Kang, H., Murphy, F., Alpern, R., Reda, D., Toomey, R., Battistone, M., Parks, B., Klimas, N., Pak, H., Hunter, J., Lyons, M., Henderson, W., and Gulf War Study Participating Investigators. (2006). Spouses of Persian Gulf War I veterans: Medical evaluation of a U.S. cohort. Military Medicine, 171(7), 613-18.
Lyons, M., Schultz, M., Neale, M., Brady, K., Eisen, S., Toomey, R., Rhein, A., Faraone, S., & Tsuang, M. (2006). Specificity of familial vulnerability for alcoholism versus major depression in men. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194(11), 809-17. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000244480.78431.49
Blanchard, M. S., Eisen, S. A., Alpern, R., Karlinsky, J., Toomey, R., Reda, D.J., Murphy, F. M., Jackson, L. W., & Kang, H. K. (2006). Chronic multisymptom illness complex in Gulf War I veterans 10 years later. American Journal of Epidemiology, 163(1), 66-75. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj008
Eisen, S. A., Kang, H. K., Murphy, F. M., Blanchard, M. S., Reda, D. J., Henderson, W. G., Toomey, R., Jackson, L. W., Alpern, R., Parks, B.J., Klimas, N., Hall, C., Pak, H.S., Hunter, J., Karlinsky, J., Battistone, M. J., & Lyons, M. J. (2005). Gulf War veterans’ health: Medical evaluation of a U.S. cohort. Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(11), 881-890. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-11-200506070-00005
Koenen, K. C., Fu, Q. J., Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., Goldberg, J., Eisen, S.A., True, W., & Tsuang, M. (2005). Juvenile conduct disorder as a risk factor for trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(1), 23-32. doi: 10.1002/jts.20010
Kremen, W. S., Jacobson, K. C., Xian, H., Eisen, S. A., Waterman, B., Toomey, R., Neale, M. C., Tsuang, M. T., & Lyons, M. J. (2005). Heritability of word recognition in middle-aged men varies as a function of parental education. Behavior Genetics, 35(4), 417-33. doi: 10.1007/s10519-004-3876-2
Kremen, W. S., Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V., Toomey, R., & Tsuang, M.T. (2004). Heterogeneity of schizophrenia: A study of individual neuropsychological profiles. Schizophrenia Research, 71(2-3), 307-21. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2004.02.022
Lyons, M. J., Bar, J. L., Panizzon, M. S., Toomey, R., Eisen, S., Xian, H., & Tsuang, M. T. (2004). Neuropsychological consequences of regular marijuana use: A twin study. Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1239-1250. doi: 10.1017/S0033291704002260
Lyons, M. J., Koenen, K. C., Buchting, F., Meyer, J. M., Eaves, L., Toomey, R., Eisen, S. A., Goldberg, J., Faraone, S. V., Ban, R., J., Jerskey, B. A., & Tsuang, M.T. (2004). A twin study of sexual behavior in men. Archives of Sexual Research, 33(2), 129-36. doi: 10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014327.11433.66
Koenen, K. C., Lyons, M. J., Goldberg, J., Simpson, J., Williams, W. M., Toomey, R., Eisen, S. A., True, W., Cloitre, M., Wolfe, J., & Tsaung, M. T. (2003). A high risk twin study of combat-related PTSD comorbidity. Twin Research, 6(3), 218-226. doi: 10.1375/136905203765693870
Koenen, K. C., Lyons, M. J., Goldberg, J., Simpson, J., Williams, W. M., Toomey, R., Eisen, S. A., True, W., & Tsaung, M.T. (2003). A co- twin control study of the relationship between combat exposure, combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 16(5), 433-438. doi: 10.1023/A:1025786925483
Toomey, R., Lyons, M. J., Eisen, S. E., Xian, H., Chantarujikapong, S., Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (2003). A twin study of the neuropsychological consequences of stimulant abuse. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 303-310. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.3.303
Koenen, K., Lyons, M., Goldberg, J., Simpson, J., Williams, W., Toomey, R., Eisen, S., True, W., Cloitre, M., & Tsuang, M. (2002). The relationship of PTSD to other mental disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190(4), 209-218.
Lyons, M. J., Bar, J. L., Kremen, W. S., Toomey, R., Eisen, S.A., Goldberg, J.. Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (2002). Nicotine and familial vulnerability to schizophrenia: A discordant twin study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(4), 687-693. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.687
Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V., Goldstein, J. M., Kremen, W. S., Horton, N. J., Makris, N., Toomey, R., Kennedy, D., Caviness, V. S., & Tsuang, M.T. (2002). Left hippocampal volume as a vulnerability indicator for schizophrenia: An MRI morphometric study of non-psychotic first degree relatives. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 839-849. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.839
Eisen, S., Chantarujikapong, S., Xian, H., Lyons, M., Toomey, R., True, W., Goldberg, J., Scherrer, J. F., & Tsuang, M. T. (2002). Does marijuana use have residual adverse effects on self-reported health measures, sociodemographics and quality of life? A monozygotic co-twin control study in men. Addiction, 97(9), 1137-1144.
Toomey, R., Schuldberg, D., Corrigan, P., & Green, M. F. (2002). Nonverbal social perception and symptomatology in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 53, 83-91. doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(01)00177-3
Eisen, S. A., Slutske, W. S., Lyons, M. J., Lassman, J., Xian, H., Toomey, R., Chantarujikapong, S., & Tsuang, M. T. (2001). The genetics of pathological gambling. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychology, 6(3), 195-204. doi: 10.1053/scnp.2001.22931
Kremen, W. S., Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V., Toomey, R., & Tsuang, M. T. (2000). The paradox of normal neuropsychological function in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109(4), 743-752. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.109.4.743
Faraone, S. V., Seidman, L. J., Kremen, W. S., Toomey, R., Pepple, J. R., & Tsuang, M. T. (2000). Neuropsychological functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: The effect of genetic loading. Biological Psychiatry, 48, 120-126. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00263-2
Lyons, M. J., Huppert, J., Toomey, R., Harley, R., Goldberg, J., Eisen, S., True, W., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (2000). Lifetime prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Twin Research, 3, 28-32. doi: 10.1375/twin.3.1.28
Kimble, M. O., Lyons, M. J., O’Donnell, B. F., Nestor, P., Niznikiewicz, M. A., & Toomey, R. (2000). The effect of family status and schizotypy on electrophysiological measures of attention and semantic processing. Biological Psychiatry, 47, 402-412. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00184-5
Toomey, R., Seidman, L. J., Lyons, M. J., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (1999). Poor perception of nonverbal social-emotional cues in relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research, 40, 121-130
Seidman, L. J., Faraone, S. V., Goldstein, J. M., Goodman, J. M., Kremen, W. S., Toomey, R., Tourville, J., Kennedy, D., Makris, N., Caviness, V. S., & Tsuang, M. T. (1999). Thalamic and amygdala-hippocampal volume reductions in first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients: An MRI-based morphometric analysis. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 941-954. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00075-X
Faraone, S. V., Seidman, L. J., Kremen, W. S., Toomey, R., Pepple, J. R., & Tsuang, M. T. (1999). Neuropsychological functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: A 4-year follow-up study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(1), 176-181. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.108.1.176
Kremen, W. S., Faraone, S. V., Seidman, L. J., Toomey, R., Lyons, M. J., Goldstein, J. M., & Tsuang, M. T. (1998). Sex differences in self-reported schizotypal symptoms in relatives of schizophrenic probands. Schizophrenia Research, 34, 27-37.
Lyons, M. J., Eisen, S. A., Goldberg, J., True, W., Lin, N., Meyer, J., Toomey, R., Faraone, S. V., Merla-Ramos, M., & Tsuang, M. T. (1998). A registry-based twin study of depression in men. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 468-472. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.5.468
Toomey, R., Faraone, S. V., Seidman, L. J.,Kremen, W. S., Pepple, J. R., & Tsuang, M. T. (1998). Association of neuropsychological vulnerability markers in relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research, 31, 89-98. doi: 10.1016/S0920-9964(98)00025-5
Toomey, R., Faraone, S.V., Simpson, J.C., & Tsuang, M. T. (1998). Negative, positive, and disorganized symptom dimensions in schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186(8), 470-476. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199808000-00004
Tsuang, M. T., Lyons, M. J., Meyer, J. M., Doyle, T., Eisen, S. A., Goldberg, J., True, W., Lin, N., Toomey, R., & Eaves, L. (1998). Co-occurrence of abuse of different drugs in men: The role of drug-specific and shared vulnerabilities. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 967-972. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.11.967
Kremen, W. S., Goldstein, J. M., Seidman, L. J., Toomey, R., Lyons, M. L., Tsuang, M. T., & Faraone, S. V. (1997). Sex differences in neuropsychological function in nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic probands. Psychiatry Research, 66, 131-144. doi: 10.1016/S0165-1781(96)03030-2
Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., Green, A. I., Eisen, S., Goldberg, J., True, W., Meyer, J., & Tsuang, M. T. (1997). How do genes influence marijuana use? The role of subjective effects. Addiction, 92(4), 409-417. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03372.x
Toomey, R., Kremen, W. S., Simpson, J. C., Samson, J. A., Seidman, L. J., Lyons, M. J., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (1997). Revisiting the factor structure for positive and negative symptoms: Evidence from a large heterogeneous psychiatric sample. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 371-377. doi: 10.1176/ajp.154.3.371
Toomey, R., Wallace, C. J., Corrigan, P. W., Schuldberg, D., & Green, M. F. (1997). Social processing correlates of nonverbal social perception in schizophrenia. Psychiatry, 60(4), 292-300. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1997.11024807
Corrigan, P. W., Buican, B., & Toomey, R. (1996). Construct validity of two tests of social cognition for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 63, 77-82. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(96)02897-1
Faraone, S. V., Seidman, L. J., Kremen, W. S., Toomey, R., Lyons, M. J., & Tsuang, M. T. (1996). Neuropsychological functioning among the elderly nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research, 21, 27-31. doi: 10.1016/0920-9964(96)00020-5
Tsuang, M. T., Lyons, M. J., Eisen, S., Goldberg, J., True, W., Lin, N., Meyer, J.M., Toomey, R., Faraone, S. V., & Eaves, L. (1996). Genetic influences on DSM-III-R drug abuse and dependence: A study of 3,372 twin pairs. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 67(5), 473-477. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960920)67:5<473::AID-AJMG6>3.0.CO;2-L
Toomey, R., & Schuldberg, D. (1995). Recognition and judgment of facial stimuli in schizotypal subjects. Journal of Communication Disorders, 28(3), 395-403. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(94)00008-N
Corrigan, P. W., Green, M. F., & Toomey, R. (1994). Cognitive correlates to social cue perception in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 53, 141-151. doi: 10.1016/0165-1781(94)90105-8
Corrigan, P. W., & Toomey, R. Interpersonal problem solving and information processing in schizophrenia. (1994). Schizophrenia Bulletin, 21(3), 395-403. doi: 10.1093/schbul/21.3.395
Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., Faraone, S. V., Kremen, W. S., Yeung, A. S., & Tsuang, M. T. (1994). Correlates of psychosis proneness in relatives of schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104(2), 390-394. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.104.2.390
Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (1994). Comparison of schizotypal relatives of schizophrenic versus affective probands. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 54(3), 279-285. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320540318
Lyons, M. J., Toomey, R., Seidman, L. J., Kremen, W. S., Faraone, S. V., & Tsuang, M. T. (1994). Verbal learning and memory in relatives of schizophrenics: Preliminary findings. Biological Psychiatry, 37, 750-753. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)00362-7
Book Chapters
Toomey, R. (2017). Culturally Informed Neuropsychological Assessment. In S. Hofmann (Ed.), Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective. Wiley-Blackwell. (order here)
Tsuang, M. T., Lyons, M. J., & Toomey, R. (2000). Heterogeneity of schizophrenia: Diagnostic and etiological approaches. In E.E. Bittar & N. Bittar (Eds.), Biological Psychiatry (Principles of Medical Biology). Conn.: JAI press, Inc., 263-277. doi: 10.1016/S1569-2582(00)80015-X (order here)
Seidman, L. J., & Toomey, R. (1999). The clinical use of psychological and neuropsychological tests. In A.M. Nicholi (Ed.). The New Harvard Guide to Psychiatry. Boston: Harvard Press.