{"id":91,"date":"2023-03-13T15:26:33","date_gmt":"2023-03-13T19:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/?page_id=91"},"modified":"2025-02-17T20:18:33","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T01:18:33","slug":"cyber-biological-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/cyber-biological-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Cyber-Secure Biological Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@5.0.2\/dist\/css\/bootstrap.min.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\" integrity=\"sha384-EVSTQN3\/azprG1Anm3QDgpJLIm9Nao0Yz1ztcQTwFspd3yD65VohhpuuCOmLASjC\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\">\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1\/dist\/css\/bootstrap.min.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/getbootstrap.com\/docs\/5.3\/assets\/css\/docs.css\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/npm\/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1\/dist\/js\/bootstrap.bundle.min.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p align=\"justify\">At the core of our scientific methodology lies the strategic integration of living sensors\u2014specifically, genetically engineered biological systems\u2014with secure, custom-designed integrated circuits. This innovative fusion defines the emerging field of cyber-secure biological systems (CSBS). By capitalizing on biology to sense biology, we unlock the inherent advantages of natural sensors, including resilience in harsh environments, heightened sensitivity, and exceptional specificity. This distinctive synergy not only harnesses the robust attributes of biology but also seamlessly incorporates the reliability and communication infrastructure of electronics. The result is an unparalleled solution that addresses critical societal challenges in healthcare and environmental monitoring, paving the way for transformative advancements at the intersection of synthetic biology and semiconductor technologies.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Ingestible Bioelectronic Capsules for Gastrointestinal Diseases:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"clearfix\">\n<p><img src=\"\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/capsule_toplevel_3.png\" class=\"col-md-6 float-md-end mb-3 ms-md-3\" alt=\"...\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><strong>Collaborators: <\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6>Dr. Maria Eugenia Inda &#8211; MIT BE, Dr. Miguel Jimenez &#8211; MIT MechE, Prof. Giovanni Traverso &#8211; MIT MechE, Prof. Timothy Lu &#8211; MIT BE, Dr. Phillip Nadeau &#8211; Analog Devices, Prof. David Starobinski &#8211; BU ECE (Wireless Security)<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Funding: <\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/helmsleytrust.org\/grants\/massachusetts-institute-of-technology-2408\/\">The Helmsley Charitable Trust<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catalyst-foundation.org\/2021-multi-year-project-awardee\/\">Catalyst Foundation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/cise\/spring-2021-cise-eng-seed-award-recipients\/\">CISE Seed\/ENG Dean Catalyst Award<\/a> (Wireless Security)<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Team: <\/strong> Qijun Liu (Lead Integrated Circuit Designer), Timur Zirtiloglu, Arslan Riaz, Alperen Yasar (Wireless Security)<\/h6>\n<p align=\"justify\">Approximately one in five individuals experience gastrointestinal (GI) disorders at different points in their lives. Monitoring these inflammatory processes in real-time poses a significant challenge due to the inaccessible and difficult-to-sample chemical environment of the GI tract.\u00a0Compounding this issue is the short-lived nature of key mediators, such as nitric oxide, involved in inflammatory diseases. Profiling these labile biomolecules, crucial for disease mediation and response to medication, is essential for advancing our capabilities in diagnosing, monitoring, treating, and preventing GI disorders.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/csbs_comb_2-1024x480.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/csbs_comb_2-1024x480.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/csbs_comb_2-636x298.png 636w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/csbs_comb_2-768x360.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/csbs_comb_2-1536x720.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/csbs_comb_2-2048x960.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><br \/>\nIn response to the pressing medical need to predict and prevent inflammatory bowel disease, we have recently developed an ingestible multi-diagnostic bioelectronic capsule. This innovative capsule, showcased in Nature 2023 and JSSC 2023, addresses the real-time detection of critical labile disease biomarkers in the GI tract. Our low-power ingestible capsule, compact at 1.35 cm\u00b3, is designed for safe human ingestion and GI transit, surpassing the commercial state-of-the-art (2.13 cm\u00b3) in size. Successful testing in pigs demonstrates the feasibility of creating a human-scale diagnostic device capable of detecting transient mediators of GI inflammatory diseases. Additionally, our research delves into assessing the security vulnerabilities of resource-constrained wireless ingestible capsules for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, as detailed in BioCAS 2022. Recognizing the constraints on energy, computation, and size, we are actively developing low-power countermeasures in the physical layer to enhance security.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Our cost-effective, miniaturized device promises to revolutionize monitoring by enabling more frequent and remote assessments, even from the comfort of a patient&#8217;s home\u2014an especially advantageous feature for the elderly. These non-invasive sensors, safer than current treatments, offer an affordable point-of-care alternative to endoscopy. This technology will significantly impact future ingestible diagnostic and therapeutic-delivery hybrid bioelectronic systems, providing relief to potentially millions of patients suffering from intestinal diseases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between;\">\n<div style=\"flex-basis: 20%; padding: 10px;\">\n<h5><strong>Publications:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"padding: 0; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/9431409\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">IEEE CICC 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9948559\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">IEEE BioCAS 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biorxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2022.02.16.480562v1.abstract\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">BioRxiv 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9866896\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">IEEE JSSC 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-023-06369-x\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">Nature 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex-basis: 45%; padding: 10px;\">\n<h5><strong>Demos:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"padding: 0; text-align: justify;\">\n<li>IEEE ISSCC 2021 SRP [Poster and Demo]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex-basis: 25%; padding: 10px;\">\n<h5><strong>News:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"padding: 0; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/eng\/2023\/08\/15\/this-tiny-capsule-can-warn-you-when-inflammation-is-imminent\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">BU News (Nature 2023)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2023\/smart-pill-can-track-biological-markers-real-time-0908\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">MIT News (Nature 2023)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/10\/18\/1081842\/this-microbe-filled-pill-could-track-inflammation-in-the-gut\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">MIT Technology Review (Nature 2023)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/eng\/2021\/06\/17\/the-sensor-you-swallow\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">BU News (IEEE CICC 2021)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><strong>Hybrid Microfluidic-Bioelectronic Systems:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"clearfix\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/Microfluidic-1024x332.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"332\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1061\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/Microfluidic-1024x332.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/Microfluidic-636x206.png 636w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/Microfluidic-768x249.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/Microfluidic-1536x498.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/Microfluidic-2048x664.png 2048w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/files\/2024\/01\/Microfluidic-1920x624.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><strong>Collaborators: <\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6>Prof. Douglas Densmore &#8211; BU ECE \/ BME, Prof. Wilson Wong &#8211; BU BME, Prof. Ahmad Khalil &#8211; BU BME<\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Funding: <\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/awardsearch\/showAward?AWD_ID=2027045&amp;HistoricalAwards=false\">NSF SemiSynBio-II<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.catalyst-foundation.org\/grant-recipients\/542-2\/\">Catalyst Foundation<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Project-Specific \/ Collaborator Websites: <\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.programmingbiology.org\/semisynbio\">SemiSynBio<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cidarlab.org\/cyber-physical-systems\">CIDAR Lab: Cyber-Secure Biological Systems<\/a><\/h6>\n<h6><strong>Team: <\/strong> Qijun Liu (Lead Integrated Circuit Designer), Alperen Yasar, Dilara Caygara, Diana Arguijo (Douglas Densmore\u2019s Ph.D. student), Jingyao Chen (Wilson Wong\u2019s Ph.D. student), Ezira Yimer Wolle (Ahmad Khalil\u2019s Ph.D. student), Colin Kunze (Ahmad Khalil\u2019s Ph.D. student), Dr. David McIntrye (Ph.D. alumni of Douglas Densmore\u2019s group)<\/h6>\n<p align=\"justify\">In the pursuit of efficiently testing and optimizing biosensor performance for real-world applications, traditional experimental procedures can be daunting due to their labor-intensive nature. This complexity becomes particularly pronounced when attempting to screen large biosensor libraries, encompassing millions of combinations, across a multitude of environmental and chemical variables. Our approach involves co-designing a modular droplet microfluidic device, seamlessly integrated with embedded CMOS electronic sensors. This cutting-edge innovation revolutionizes the testing process, enabling rapid screening of the\u00a0biological design space in diverse environments. The result is an elevated biosensor performance, finely tuned to specific application conditions such as wastewater monitoring, thereby ensuring optimal sensitivity, specificity, and durability.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"display: flex; justify-content: space-between;\">\n<div style=\"flex-basis: 20%; padding: 10px;\">\n<h5><strong>Publications:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"padding: 0; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/10454379\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">IEEE ISSCC 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/10746852\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">IEEE TCAS 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex-basis: 45%; padding: 10px;\">\n<h5><strong>Demos:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"padding: 0; text-align: justify;\">\n<li>IEEE ISSCC 2023 SRP <strong>[Best Poster and Demo Award]<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"flex-basis: 25%; padding: 10px;\">\n<h5><strong>News:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul style=\"padding: 0; text-align: justify;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/eng\/2020\/09\/01\/densmore-and-yazicigil-win-nsf-grant\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">BU News (NSF SemiSynBio-II Award)<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/gazetesu.sabanciuniv.edu\/en\/usd-15-million-grant-support-project-our-graduate-rabia-yazicigil\" style=\"text-decoration: none; color: #007bff;\">Sabanci News (NSF SemiSynBio-II Award)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Overview At the core of our scientific methodology lies the strategic integration of living sensors\u2014specifically, genetically engineered biological systems\u2014with secure, custom-designed integrated circuits. This innovative fusion defines the emerging field of cyber-secure biological systems (CSBS). By capitalizing on biology to sense biology, we unlock the inherent advantages of natural sensors, including resilience in harsh environments, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22240,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/no-sidebars.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22240"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91"}],"version-history":[{"count":49,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1541,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/91\/revisions\/1541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/wisecircuits\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}