{"id":722,"date":"2023-08-01T15:16:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T19:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/?page_id=722"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:14:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:14:05","slug":"wolof-unit-5b","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wolof\/wolof-unit-5b\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 5B: Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Wolof-Unit-5-1-Main-Image-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Wolof-Unit-5-1-Main-Image-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Wolof-Unit-5-1-Main-Image-636x424.jpg 636w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Wolof-Unit-5-1-Main-Image-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Wolof-Unit-5-1-Main-Image-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Wolof-Unit-5-1-Main-Image-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#videos\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Videos<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#community-images\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Community Images<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#pedagogical-activities\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Pedagogical Activities<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Metadata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Title<\/td><td>Conversation with Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 <\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interviewer<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subject<\/td><td>Life story and education, becoming a professional Ajami poetry singer, leadership of Shaykh Abdou Lahad Mb\u00e0kke, history of the preservation of Murid Ajami Archives&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Content<\/td><td>Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 (Abdu Lahad Ture in the standard Wolof Latin script orthography) is the most famous contemporary Wolof Ajami singer. He was born in 1960 and raised in the village of Ture-Ngan near Nd\u00e0nd, in the region of Louga, Senegal. In this interview, Mr. Tour\u00e9 discusses how he became a professional singer of Wolof Ajami poetry thanks to the leadership of the third caliph of the Muridiyya, Serigne Abdou Lahad Mback\u00e9 (1914-1989), also known as S\u00ebri\u00f1 Abdu Lahad or Abdu Lahat Mb\u00e0kke. He shares his first encounter with this Murid leader and the story of how he personally coached him to become specialized in singing the poetry of S\u00ebri\u00f1 Mbay Jaxate (1875-1954), one of the most famous Wolof Ajami poets who was a close follower of the founder of the Muridiyya Sufi order, Shaykh Ahmadu Bamba (1853-1927). Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 also discusses Caliph Abdou Lahad Mback\u00e9\u2019s pioneering efforts in collecting and recording recitations of Mbay Jaxate\u2019s poems and preserving them for posterity. He highlights how the Murid leader loved Mbay Jaxate\u2019s poems, especially the one where the poet gives him important advice. In Murid communities, Caliph Abdou Lahad is remembered as a visionary leader who built important infrastructures in the city of Touba, including the central library known as Daaray Kaamil and Biblioth\u00e8que Cheikhoul Khadim. At the end of the interview, Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 recites a poem he composed to honor his beloved leader for his achievements and legacy.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Language<\/td><td>Wolof<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Script<\/td><td>Wolof Ajami (locally called Wolofal)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>Touba, Senegal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pedagogical content\/application<\/td><td>Includes relevant linguistic, stylistic and cultural skills as identified in our assessment guidebook\/ ACTFL guidelines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access condition and copyright<\/td><td>These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom (fngom@bu.edu).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contributors<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Ablaye Diakite, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Elhadji Djibril Diagne, Gana Ndiaye, Alison Parker, and Frank Antonelli.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required citation information<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom (PI), Ablaye Diakite, Elhadji Djibril Diagne, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, and other contributors. 2023. \u201cConversation with Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wolof\/wolof-unit-5b\/\">https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wolof\/wolof-unit-5b\/<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"videos\">Videos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Wolof with English Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_meu60dxq&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_o7ni7w1w\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Wolof\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Wolof with Latin Script Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_ni7mzq6j&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_pjcndti3\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Wolof\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"community-images\">Community Images<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(click on the image for a larger view)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bu-slideshow-container wolof-unit-5b-community-images autoplay\" id=\"bu-slideshow-container-1510\" data-slideshow-name=\"wolof-unit-5b-community-images\" data-slideshow-delay=\"5000\" style=\"width: auto; \"><div class='slideshow-loader active'><div class='loader-animation'><\/div><p>loading slideshow&#8230;<\/p><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-slides\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow transition-slide\" id=\"bu-slideshow-1510\"><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_0\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-1.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-1-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Abdu Lahad Ture mi bokk ci j\u00e0ngkati Wolofal yi g\u00ebn a siiw ci Senegaal ak soxnam ca k\u00ebram ga nekk ca toolam ga fa Tuubaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nAbdou Lahad Tour\u00e9, who is among the most famous Wolof Ajami poetry singers in Senegal with his wife in his house located in his farm in Touba.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_1\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-2.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-2-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Abdu Lahad Ture t\u00e0kk na ndiggam ngir ligg\u00e9eyi ca toolam ga.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nAbdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 has tied [a belt around] his waist (symbol of work ethic) to go work on his farm. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_2\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-3.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-3-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Soxna Maymuna Mb\u00e0kke, doomi S\u00ebri\u00f1 Tuubaa, di kenn ci taalifkati Murid yi.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nMrs. Ma\u00efmouna Mback\u00e9, daughter of Serigne Touba (Bamba), one of the Murid poets. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_3\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-4.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-4-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Nataalu S\u00ebri\u00f1 Saam \u00d1a\u014b (ci c\u00e0mmoo\u00f1) ak Samba Sekk (ci digg bi) ak F\u00e0llu Ngom (ci ndayjoor).<\/i>\r\n||\r\nImage of Serigne Sam Niang (on the left), Samba Seck (in the middle), and Fallou Ngom (on the right).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_4\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-5.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-5-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Nataalu toolu Abdu Lahad Ture ba ca Tuubaa te mu fay bay limo\u014b aki lujum.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nImage of Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9\u2019s farm in Touba, where he cultivates lemons and vegetables.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_5\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-6.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-6-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Nataalu Ablaay Jakite (g\u00ebstukat bi f\u00e9ete c\u00e0mmoo\u00f1), Abdu Lahad Ture (j\u00e0ngkatu Wolofal bi ci digg bi), ak F\u00e0llu Ngom (mi jiite ligg\u00e9ey bi ci ndayjoor).<\/i>\r\n||\r\nImage of Ablaye Diakit\u00e9 (the researcher, on the left), Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 (the singer of Wolof Ajami poetry, in the middle), and Fallou Ngom (the project leader, on the right).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_6\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-7.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-7-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Nataalu  Mbayaan J\u00f3op, boroom baat bu neex bi nekk ci tambale ak mujj\u00e0nt\u00e9elu widewoo yi.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nImage of Mbayane Diop, the beautiful voice at the start and end of the videos.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_7\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-8.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-8-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Kur\u00e9elu g\u00ebstukat yi ak j\u00e0ngkati Wolofal yaa ngi waaj a a\u00f1 ci k\u00ebru Abdu Lahad Ture fa Tuubaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe team of researchers and singers of Wolof Ajami poetry are getting ready to have lunch at the home of Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 in Touba.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_8\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-9.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-9-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Ibraahima L\u00f3, ab bindkat, a ngi wone ni muy def ba mbindam yi taaru.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nIbrahima Lo, a writer, is showing what he does to make his writings beautiful.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_9\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-10.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-10-424x636.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Lii mooy \u201csatar,\u201d li bindkat yi di teg ci suufu x\u00ebti kayit yi ngir seeni mbind jub.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThis is what is called \u201csatar\u201d, which writers place under paper sheets to make their writings straight.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_10\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-11.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-11-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Ibraahima L\u00f3, ab bindkat, a ngi wone melo yi muy j\u00ebfandikoo ci ligg\u00e9eyam. Mu ngi toog ak kenn ci dongoom yi muy t\u00e0ggat ci sotti mbindum Arab ak Wolofal.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nIbrahima Lo, a writer, is showing how he uses colors in his work. He is sitting with one of the students he is training in copying Arabic and Wolof Ajami texts. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1510_11\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-12.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Wolof-5B-Image-12-424x636.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Ab \u00e0lluwa bi \u00f1u bind Saaru Faatiha te \u00f1u ciy j\u00e0ngal xale yi Alxuraan ak arafi abajada yi.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA wooden board with the Opening Chapter (of the Quran) used to teach children the Quran and Arabic letters.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation-container\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation nav-number\" id=\"bu-slideshow-nav-1510\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-1\" class=\" active\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-2\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-3\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>3<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-4\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>4<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-5\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>5<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-6\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>6<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-7\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>7<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-8\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>8<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-9\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>9<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-10\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>10<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-11\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>11<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-12\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>12<\/span><\/a><\/li> <\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"pedagogical-activities\">Pedagogical Activities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#glossary\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Glossary<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#notes\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Notes<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#exercises\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Exercises<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wolof\/wolof-keyboard\/\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wolof Keyboard<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 id=\"glossary\">Glossary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong><strong>\u00c0gg:<\/strong><\/strong> To arrive, reach, attain, finish<\/li><li><strong>Asamaan set, b\u00ebt-set:<\/strong> Daybreak, early morning<\/li><li><strong>Barab, b\u00ebr\u00ebb b-: <\/strong>Place, space, grave<\/li><li><strong>Bayit, b\u00ebyit b-: <\/strong>Verse of a poem<\/li><li><strong>Benn yoon:<\/strong> Once, one time<\/li><li><strong>Coobare g-: <\/strong>Will, intent, choice<\/li><li><strong>Daje: <\/strong>To meet, encounter, cross path<\/li><li><strong>D\u00e9gg: <\/strong>To hear, speak (a language), understand<\/li><li><strong>D\u00e9glu: <\/strong>To listen, pay attention<\/li><li><strong>Diggante b-: <\/strong>Between, within, in the meantime; relationship<\/li><li><strong>Diine: <\/strong>Religion, from Arabic <em>d\u012bn<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Enristre: <\/strong>To record with a tape recorder, from French <em>enregistrer<\/em><\/li><li><strong>F\u00e0ttali: <\/strong>To remind<\/li><li><strong>Jaay: <\/strong>To sell<\/li><li><strong>K\u00f3or g-: <\/strong>Fasting, month of Ramadan<\/li><li><strong>Loyalu b-, loyalu g-: <\/strong>Keyboard<\/li><li><strong>Miin: <\/strong>To be familiar with, be accustomed to, be used to<\/li><li><strong>Muslaay g-: <\/strong>Protective talisman or prayer<\/li><li><strong>Portale b-: <\/strong>Image, portrait, photo, from French <em>portrait<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Raay b-: <\/strong>Railway, from French <em>rail<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Saar w-: <\/strong>Quranic lesson, chapter<\/li><li><strong>Sabab: <\/strong>To motivate, cause, provoke<\/li><li><strong>Seex b-: <\/strong>Religious leader, from Arabic <em>Shaykh<\/em><\/li><li><strong>S\u00ebt b-:<\/strong> Grandchild<\/li><li><strong>Soxal: <\/strong>To be interested, be concerned<\/li><li><strong>Tagg: <\/strong>To praise, celebrate, cheer<\/li><li><strong>Toppatoo: <\/strong>To look after, care for, take care of<\/li><li><strong>W\u00e9ttali: <\/strong>To keep company<\/li><li><strong>Yitt\u00e9 j-: <\/strong>Preoccupation, desire, purpose, concern<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"notes\">Notes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Fuzti: <\/strong>An Arabic poem written by Shaykh Ahmadu Bamba (1853-1927) dedicated to the mother of Jesus Christ, Mary. In the poem, Bamba praises her divine gifts, virtues and exceptional human qualities.<\/li><li><strong>Mb\u00ebr: <\/strong>The Wolof word for a traditional African wrestler. In Wolof Sufi discourse, the term is used as a metaphor for saints, the Prophet Mu\u1e25ammad, and God. It is also used sometimes as a metaphor for Satan (Ibl\u012bs), the Greatest Champion of unrighteousness.<\/li><li><strong>Njaar\u00e9em: <\/strong>Also known as <em>Jurbel<\/em> and spelled as <em>Diourbel <\/em>in the nonstandard French-based spelling, is the name of a city and a region located in central Senegal where Shaykh Ahmadu Bamba was kept under house arrest from 1912 to his death in 1927.<\/li><li><strong>Seex Muhammadu Mustafaa or Shaykh Moustapha Mback\u00e9 (1888-1945): <\/strong>Also known as M\u00f3odu Mustafaa, he was the eldest son of Shaykh Ahmadu Bamba and the first Caliph of the Muridiyya (1927-1945). He was the one who began the construction of the mosque of Touba in 1930.<\/li><li><strong>S\u00ebri\u00f1 Abdu Lahad Mb\u00e0kke, Serigne Abdou Lahad Mback\u00e9, or Baay Lahad (1914-1989): <\/strong>A son of Shaykh Ahmadu Bamba and the third Caliph of the Muridiyya (1968-1989). He is also known as <em>The Builder<\/em> in Murid communities due to the modern infrastructures he built in Touba.<\/li><li><strong>S\u00ebri\u00f1 Abdu Xaadir Mb\u00e0kke or Serigne Abdou Khadre Mback\u00e9 (1914-1989): <\/strong>A son of Shaykh Amadu Bamba and the fourth Caliph of the Muridiyya (1988-1989). He served as the lead imam of the mosque of Touba during his life. According to Murid hagiographers, he never left Touba after the death of his brother, Muhammadu Mustafaa Mb\u00e0kke, who served as the first caliph of the Muridiyya.<\/li><li><strong>S\u00ebri\u00f1 Mbay Jaxate or Serigne Mbaye Diakhat\u00e9 (ca. 1876-1951): <\/strong>A disciple of Shaykh Ahmadu Bamba and one of&nbsp; the most famous Wolof Ajami poets. He was the son of the renowned judge Xaali Majaxate Kala or Q\u0101di Majaxate Kala (1835-1902). Mbay Jaxate began his poetic career during Bamba\u2019s exile in Mauritania (1902-1907). His work focused on social criticism, satire, and the code of ethics of Murid discipleship.<\/li><li><strong>S\u00ebri\u00f1 Suhaybu Mb\u00e0kke or Serigne Souhaibou Mback\u00e9 (1918-1991): <\/strong>A son of Ahmadu Bamba who is remembered in Murid communities as a great scholar and Quranic teacher who educated many children.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"exercises\">Exercises:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"#comprehension\">Comprehension<\/a> || <a href=\"#writing\">Writing<\/a> || <a href=\"#listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/a> || <a href=\"#cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/a> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"comprehension\">Comprehension: Video<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_539602df45514a6fa791e828bf110d61\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_ac569ca764e846b1b2dfb72514b62226\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_6e58597dc17e4e8d8cfcb0d0f92fd280\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_b15e58bcf32c4d07be87f7d19740aa09\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_bda781a6520d4f6097ffe18e3e112885\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_99e14e8562044a8a98ba2494b29b82c9\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h4>Comprehension: Image<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_2e0b21ab847746da9dbab2f02b35b744\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9f53d1bcaa4247dd845644d08daac750\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" id=\"wider-question\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><div id=\"bulb_question_ebf1e084ba944922ad467725fe9b7113\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_3a07f782dd7c44aabede82a17ae4f28c\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_a1b74e49f9dc42feb5294296ab036f88\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9fcb079f4d18420182b8412d4987a419\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"writing\">Writing<\/h4>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",o):document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook(\"action\",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook(\"filter\",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook(\"action\",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook(\"filter\",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook(\"action\",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook(\"filter\",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+\"_\"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),\"filter\"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}});<\/script>\n                <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_9' >\n                        <div class='gform_heading'>\n                            <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_9'  action='\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/722' data-formid='9' >\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_9' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><fieldset id=\"field_9_4\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_4\"><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex'  >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_9_4'>Please enter the name that should be associated with your answers.<\/div><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_9_4'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_9_4_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.3' id='input_9_4_3' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_9_4_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_9_4_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.6' id='input_9_4_6' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_9_4_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_9_2\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_2\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_9_2' >Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_9_2'>Please enter the email address to which you'd like your responses sent. Please notify the recipient(s) that you have submitted these exercises, as the submission could go to their spam folder.<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_2' id='input_9_2' type='text' value='' class='large'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_9_2\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_9_5\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_5\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_9_5' >Additional Email<\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_9_5'>[If you'd like your responses sent to another email address as well, please enter it here.]<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_5' id='input_9_5' type='text' value='' class='large'     aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_9_5\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_9_26\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_26\">For exercises 1-6 below, open the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wolof\/wolof-keyboard\/\">Wolof Ajami keyboard<\/a>, type text, and copy-paste it into the box.<\/div><div id=\"field_9_20\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_20\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_9_20' >1. Seetaanal benn widewoo bu la neex ci lu tollu ci 1 ba ci 2 simili. Soo noppee, bindal li nga d\u00e9gg l\u00e9pp ci Wolofal. J\u00ebfandikool loyalu bi, su ko aajoo.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_20' id='input_9_20' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_9_21\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_21\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_9_21' >2. Bindal sa xalaat ci wenn w\u00e0ll ci widewoo bi. Ci misaal, m\u00ebn nga a bind ci: 1) li la ci \u00ebppal solo; 2) li la ci g\u00ebn a y\u00e9em, w\u00e0lla 3) loo ci b\u00ebgg a leerlu. J\u00ebfandikool loyalu bi, su ko aajoo.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_21' id='input_9_21' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_9_22\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_22\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_9_22' >3. Bindal ay laaj ci wenn w\u00e0llu widewoo bi. Boo noppee, j\u00e0ng ko ci kanamu say naatango. J\u00ebfandikool loyalu bi, su ko aajoo.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_22' id='input_9_22' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_9_23\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_23\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_9_23' >4. Bindal jur\u00f3omi laaj ci Wolofal ci mbir yi widewoo bi \u00ebmb. Boo noppee, jox leen say naatango ngir \u00f1oom it \u00f1u tontu say laaj ci Wolofal.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_23' id='input_9_23' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_9_24\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_24\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_9_24' >5. T\u00ebnkal widewoo bi ci mbindum Wolofal.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_24' id='input_9_24' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_9_25\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_25\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_9_25' >6. T\u00e0nnal benn nataal. Boo noppee, bindal li mu \u00ebmb ci Wolofal ak lu muy f\u00ebsal.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_25' id='input_9_25' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_9_27\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_27\"><i>Disclaimer: By completing these online exercises, I agree to share my name and contact information with the email recipient(s) I have indicated. Boston University takes no responsibility for the use of the submitted information. A copy of all submitted information may be retained on Boston University\u2019s servers upon submission.<\/i><\/div><div id=\"field_9_28\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-section gsection bu_google_recaptcha_section field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_28\"><h3 class=\"gsection_title\"><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"field_9_29\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html bu_google_recaptcha gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_9_29\"><div class=\"g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6LeGxkEjAAAAAK4nzHZn3a_6jB2ELSN935WrVBfC\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_9' class='gform_button button' value='Submit'  onclick='if(window[\"gf_submitting_9\"]){return false;}  window[\"gf_submitting_9\"]=true;  ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window[\"gf_submitting_9\"]){return false;} window[\"gf_submitting_9\"]=true;  jQuery(\"#gform_9\").trigger(\"submit\",[true]); }' \/> \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_9' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='9' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_9' value='WyJbXSIsImQ5Y2U2OGUxNzE1OTZlYjZkN2E4MzI4YmJhNDVlODY3Il0=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_9' id='gform_target_page_number_9' value='0' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_9' id='gform_source_page_number_9' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\ngform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_9').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_9');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_9').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { \/* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome *\/  }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_9').val();gformInitSpinner( 9, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [9, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_9').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [9]);window['gf_submitting_9'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_9').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_9').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [9, current_page]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform\/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 9, currentPage: current_page } });} );} );\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ay Laaj yu G\u00e0tt: <\/span><\/em>Bindal ay laaj yu g\u00e0tt ci li widewoo bi \u00ebmb. Soo noppee, indi leen ci daara ji ngir laajante ci ak say naatango.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>J\u00eblal ci widewoo bi ay f\u00e0nn te nga bind leen. Boo noppee, na nga leen m\u00e9ngale ak f\u00e0nn ya \u00f1u nirool ca fa nga d\u00ebkk. Woneel li \u00f1u bokk ak li leen wuutale.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:88px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metadata TitleConversation with Abdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 InterviewerFallou NgomSubjectLife story and education, becoming a professional Ajami poetry singer, leadership of Shaykh Abdou Lahad Mb\u00e0kke, history of the preservation of Murid Ajami Archives&nbsp;ContentAbdou Lahad Tour\u00e9 (Abdu Lahad Ture in the standard Wolof Latin script orthography) is the most famous contemporary Wolof Ajami singer. He was born in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12660,"featured_media":0,"parent":35,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/722"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12660"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=722"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2040,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/722\/revisions\/2040"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}