{"id":467,"date":"2021-04-09T10:55:59","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T14:55:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/?page_id=467"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:09:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:09:21","slug":"mandinka-unit-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 3: Wandifa Dram\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"972\" height=\"1024\" src=\"\/ria\/files\/2023\/09\/Mandinka-Unit-3-Main-Image-972x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1034\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/09\/Mandinka-Unit-3-Main-Image-972x1024.jpg 972w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/09\/Mandinka-Unit-3-Main-Image-604x636.jpg 604w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/09\/Mandinka-Unit-3-Main-Image-768x809.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/09\/Mandinka-Unit-3-Main-Image.jpg 974w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 972px) 100vw, 972px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#videos\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Videos<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#community-images\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Community Images<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#pedagogical-activities\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Pedagogical Activities<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Metadata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Title<\/td><td>Conversation with Wandifa Dram\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interviewer<\/td><td>Ibrahima Yaffa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subject<\/td><td>Herbal Medicine, Islamic Panacea, Traditional Healing Methods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Content<\/td><td>Wandifa Dram\u00e9 was born in 1965 in Bujee-Saamin in the region of Sedhiou, Senegal. He had his Islamic education in Pakaawu Mankonombaa Saa\u00f1ankundaa, where he learned reading and writing in Mandinka Ajami. Later his father moved to Ziguinchor, where he has lived since then. He serves now as a Muslim religious teacher and healer who focuses on local herbal and Islamic medicine. In this interview, Mr. Dram\u00e9 recounts how he was motivated to study Ajami in order to be able to read and write in his native Mandinka language. He talks about the significance of Ajami as a traditional Mandinka writing system that is passed down by elders to the younger generation. Mr. Dram\u00e9 shows and discusses the documents written in Ajami on African traditional medicine that he uses in his treatments. These include various plant-based remedies. Mr. Dram\u00e9 discusses how he uses these remedies in combination with religious elements such as Quranic verses in his treatments, and reflects on some ways to prepare these traditional forms of medicine. He also discusses various herbal recipes for protection against \u201cnight people\u201d (witches).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Language<\/td><td>Mandinka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Script<\/td><td>Mandinka Ajami<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pedagogical content\/application<\/td><td>Includes relevant linguistic, stylistic and cultural skills as identified in our assessment guidebook\/ ACTFL guidelines&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>Ziguinchor, Senegal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access condition and copyright<\/td><td>These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom (fngom@bu.edu).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contributors<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Bala Saho, Ibrahima Ngom, Mamadou Aw Ndiaye, Ousmane Cisse, Ablaye Diakite, Alison Parker, and Frank Antonelli.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required citation information<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom (PI), Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Bala Saho,Ibrahima Ngom, Mamadou Aw Ndiaye, Ousmane Cisse, Ablaye Diakite, and other contributors. 2022. \u201cConversation with Wandifa Dram\u00e9.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-3\/\">https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-3\/<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"videos\">Videos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Mandinka with English Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_5ut7qrzs&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_s1set562\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Mandinka \" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Mandinka with Latin Script Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_c79zwlps&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_h5i5vb5n\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Mandinka\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"community-images\">Community Images<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(click on the image for a larger view)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bu-slideshow-container mandinka-unit-3-community-images autoplay\" id=\"bu-slideshow-container-1728\" data-slideshow-name=\"mandinka-unit-3-community-images\" data-slideshow-delay=\"5000\" style=\"width: auto; \"><div class='slideshow-loader active'><div class='loader-animation'><\/div><p>loading slideshow&#8230;<\/p><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-slides\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow transition-slide\" id=\"bu-slideshow-1728\"><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_0\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-1.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-1-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Sikicoor siloo ka\u014b ka bo na\u014b Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nOn the way to Ziguinchor city from The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_1\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-2.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-2-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>M be dunka\u014b Sikicoor ka bo na\u014b Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nEntering Ziguinchor city from The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_2\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-3.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-3-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Sikicoor saatee bundaa baa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe main entrance of Ziguinchor city.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_3\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-4.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-4-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Sikicoor Dinkiraa baa Kuntiyoolu la bu\u014b baa, jo\u014boolu maradulaa Purtugeesoolu jamanoo la.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nZiguinchor city Departmental Council Headquarters, a former Portuguese slave trading post.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_4\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-5.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-5-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Bukootu marsee baa siloo ka\u014b Sikicoor saatee kono.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe road to the big market of Boucotte in Ziguinchor.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_5\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-6.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-6-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Sila kili\u014b Sikicoor saatee baa kono.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA street in downtown Ziguinchor.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_6\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-7.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-7-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Fallu Ngom, Wandifaa Daraame, ani\u014b Yaamadu Kamara be kacca la Mandinka kitaaboolu kunna.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nFallou Ngom, Wandifa Dram\u00e9 and Yamadou Camara discussing about Mandinka books.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_7\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-8.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-8-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Sikicoor tendaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nZiguinchor harbor.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_8\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-9.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-9-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Ablaay Jakite, kisi-kisilaalu kuntiyo be domoridulaa to Sikicoor.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nAblaye Diakit\u00e9, the fieldwork leader in a restaurant in Ziguinchor.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1728_9\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-10.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-3-Image-10-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Kisi-kisilaalu pareeta ka taa dookuwoo la.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe fieldwork team members ready to go to work.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation-container\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation nav-number\" id=\"bu-slideshow-nav-1728\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-1\" class=\" active\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-2\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-3\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>3<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-4\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>4<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-5\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>5<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-6\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>6<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-7\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>7<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-8\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>8<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-9\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>9<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-10\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>10<\/span><\/a><\/li> <\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"pedagogical-activities\">Pedagogical Activities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#glossary\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Glossary<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#notes\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Notes<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#exercises\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Exercises<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-keyboard\/\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mandinka Keyboard<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 id=\"glossary\">Glossary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong><strong>Boori, booroo: <\/strong><\/strong>Medicine, remedy<\/li><li><strong>Dube\u014bo koto:<\/strong> In the shade<\/li><li><strong>Du\u014b:<\/strong> To enter, when used for people (to dress)<\/li><li><strong>Du\u014bo:<\/strong> Parasitic plant<\/li><li><strong>Harijee:<\/strong> Luck, fortune<\/li><li><strong>Jaararila\u014bo:<\/strong> Treatment<\/li><li><strong>Jaata: <\/strong>Dried, hard<\/li><li><strong>Jaatakendeyaa:<\/strong> Good health<\/li><li><strong>Jamba-wo-jamba, jamboo-jamba:<\/strong> Each page, each leaf, every page<\/li><li><strong>Jamba, jamboo: <\/strong>Leaf<\/li><li><strong>Juu, juwoo: <\/strong>Trunk. When referring to people, private parts, buttocks<\/li><li><strong>Ka a jaa:<\/strong> To dry, drought<\/li><li><strong>Ka a kalamuta: <\/strong>To understand, be aware of, know about something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a kanandi: <\/strong>To free something, cause something to escape, protect, prevent something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a kandindi: &nbsp;<\/strong>To warm something, heat up something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a kati:<\/strong> To cut, break, to harvest something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a kuruntu:<\/strong> To drag something, crawl<\/li><li><strong>Ka a maa: <\/strong>To touch something, also to copulate<\/li><li><strong>Ka a \u00f1ini\u014b:<\/strong> To look for, search<\/li><li><strong>Ka a sene:<\/strong> To farm, cultivate, plough something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a seyindi: <\/strong>To return something, cause something to return<\/li><li><strong>Ka a si\u014b: <\/strong>To dig something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a tanka:<\/strong> To protect something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a tuu:<\/strong> To pound something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a wuluu:<\/strong> To give birth, to deliver<\/li><li><strong>Ka a yuru-yuru:<\/strong> To pour, spray something<\/li><li><strong>Ka kana:<\/strong> To escape<\/li><li><strong>Ka seyi:<\/strong> To return, go back<\/li><li><strong>Kandoo: <\/strong>Heat<\/li><li><strong>Kawandiroo, kawandoo: <\/strong>Preaching, sermon<\/li><li><strong>Kele, keloo: <\/strong>Fight, war, quarrel<\/li><li><strong>Kipampa\u014bo, kipanpa\u014bo:<\/strong> Sodom apple (calotropis procera)<\/li><li><strong>Kiti\u014b: <\/strong>Fresh, raw<\/li><li><strong>Kolo\u014bo: <\/strong>A well<\/li><li><strong>Koo: <\/strong>Salt<\/li><li><strong>Ku\u014bo:<\/strong> Head<\/li><li><strong>Maasiiboo: <\/strong>Misfortune, calamity, disaster<\/li><li><strong>Munkoo, munku: <\/strong>Flour, powder<\/li><li><strong>Seloro: <\/strong>Strength, potency, efficiency<\/li><li><strong>Senelaa: <\/strong>Farmer<\/li><li><strong>Suloo: <\/strong>Root, also monkey<\/li><li><strong>Tendaa:<\/strong> Market, business center, trading post<\/li><li><strong>Wuloo:<\/strong> Liar, bush, forest, dog<\/li><li><strong>Yiri-fatoo:<\/strong> Tree bark<\/li><li><strong>Yiri-juwoo: <\/strong>Tree trunk<\/li><li><strong>Yiri-suloo: <\/strong>Tree roots<\/li><li><strong>Yiroo: <\/strong>Plant, tree, big stick (like fence post)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"notes\">Notes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Bii kuu te\u014b:<\/strong> \u201cThey are not things of today.\u201d This phrase is used to emphasize enduring traditions in Mandinka communities.<\/li><li><strong>Harijee firinda\u014bo, harijee firi\u014b da\u014bo: <\/strong>\u201cMeans of unleashing luck.\u201d This phrase refers to a good luck charm or a decoction made with special plant leaves and Quranic verses.&nbsp; Local religious leaders make these for people who want to be successful in their endeavors.<\/li><li><strong>Jaararilaa moo fi\u014b siloo:<\/strong> Literally: \u201ca healer who follows Black people\u2019s way.\u201d The phrase refers to a traditional African plant-based healer.<\/li><li><strong>Mandinka kara\u014b kuloolu: <\/strong>Mandinka educational letters. This phrase is used to refer to writing with Mandinka Ajami characters. It is used interchangeably with the phrase <em>Mandinka Safeeri-kuloolu <\/em>(Mandinka alphabet or script).<\/li><li><strong>Ni\u014b Ala kiitita a la:<\/strong> \u201cIf God wills it.\u201d A Mandinka expression used when seeking something. The phrase reflects the Mandinka belief that nothing can be achieved without God\u2019s approval.<\/li><li><strong>Sikicoor: <\/strong>The name of a city in the southern Casamance region of Senegal. It is also called Ziguinchor. According to local oral traditions, the original name Sikicoor comes from the Portuguese Creole phrase <em>sinta bu coora<\/em> (sit down and cry) because the place used to be a Portuguese slave trading post.<\/li><li><strong>Suuta-moo: <\/strong>\u201cNight people.\u201d This refers to witches, people who possess supernatural powers and use them to harm people. Mandinka people believe that such people can transform themselves into wind or animals and that they operate at night and can cause death or illnesses that modern medicine cannot cure.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"exercises\">Exercises:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"#comprehension\">Comprehension<\/a> || <a href=\"#writing\">Writing<\/a> || <a href=\"#listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/a> || <a href=\"#cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/a> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"comprehension\">Comprehension: Video<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_539602df45514a6fa791e828bf110d61\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_ac569ca764e846b1b2dfb72514b62226\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_6e58597dc17e4e8d8cfcb0d0f92fd280\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_b15e58bcf32c4d07be87f7d19740aa09\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_bda781a6520d4f6097ffe18e3e112885\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_99e14e8562044a8a98ba2494b29b82c9\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h4>Comprehension: Image<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_2e0b21ab847746da9dbab2f02b35b744\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9f53d1bcaa4247dd845644d08daac750\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" id=\"wider-question\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><div id=\"bulb_question_ebf1e084ba944922ad467725fe9b7113\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_3a07f782dd7c44aabede82a17ae4f28c\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_a1b74e49f9dc42feb5294296ab036f88\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9fcb079f4d18420182b8412d4987a419\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"writing\">Writing<\/h4>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">var 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e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+\"_\"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),\"filter\"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}});<\/script>\n                <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_20' >\n                        <div class='gform_heading'>\n                            <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_20'  action='\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/467' data-formid='20' >\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_20' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><fieldset id=\"field_20_4\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_4\"><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex'  >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_20_4'>Please enter the name that should be associated with your answers.<\/div><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_20_4'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_20_4_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.3' id='input_20_4_3' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_20_4_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_20_4_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.6' id='input_20_4_6' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_20_4_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_20_2\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_2\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_20_2' >Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_20_2'>Please enter the email address to which you'd like your responses sent. Please notify the recipient(s) that you have submitted these exercises, as the submission could go to their spam folder.<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_2' id='input_20_2' type='text' value='' class='large'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_20_2\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_20_5\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_5\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_20_5' >Additional Email<\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_20_5'>[If you'd like your responses sent to another email address as well, please enter it here.]<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_5' id='input_20_5' type='text' value='' class='large'     aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_20_5\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_20_26\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_26\">For exercises 1-6 below, open the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-keyboard\/\">Mandinka Ajami keyboard<\/a>, type text, and copy-paste it into the box.<\/div><div id=\"field_20_20\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_20\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_20_20' >1. Widewoo juubee ka bo simili 1 fo 2. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, a safee i ye mu\u014b bee lamoyi ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la. I saa safee noo kompiyutoo safeerila\u014bo la, ni\u014b i lafita.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_20' id='input_20_20' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_20_21\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_21\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_20_21' >2. I miira i ye kaccaa-kuma kili\u014b tombo\u014b widewoo kono. Misaali fee, i saa safee noo: 1) Ite fee, kuwo mu\u014b ye nafaa soto a to. 2) Mune kaawakuyaata wo kaccaa-kumoo kunna. 3) I lafita mune se koyindi i ma.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_21' id='input_20_21' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_20_22\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_22\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_20_22' >3. \u00d1ininkaaroolu safee widewoo la kaccaa-kuma kili\u014b kunna. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, a kara\u014b i kafu\u00f1oolu \u00f1aato. I saa safee noo kompiyutoo safeerila\u014bo la, ni\u014b i lafita.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_22' id='input_20_22' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_20_23\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_23\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_20_23' >4. \u00d1ininkaari luulu safee Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la widewoo ye kaccaa-kuma-ka\u014boolu minulu yitandi kunna. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, i yaa dii i kafu\u00f1oolu la. Itelu fana\u014b i se ila \u00f1ininkaaroolu jaabi. I saa safee ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_23' id='input_20_23' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_20_24\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_24\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_20_24' >5. Kuma sutu\u014b safee Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la \u00f1i\u014b widewoo kaccaa-kuma-ka\u014boolu kunna.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_24' id='input_20_24' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_20_25\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_25\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_20_25' >6. Naataali kili\u014b tombo\u014b. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, i saa fo a ye mune kummaayandi ani\u014b a ye mune yitandi. A safee ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_25' id='input_20_25' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_20_27\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_27\"><i>Disclaimer: By completing these online exercises, I agree to share my name and contact information with the email recipient(s) I have indicated. Boston University takes no responsibility for the use of the submitted information. A copy of all submitted information may be retained on Boston University\u2019s servers upon submission.<\/i><\/div><div id=\"field_20_28\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-section gsection bu_google_recaptcha_section field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_28\"><h3 class=\"gsection_title\"><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"field_20_29\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html bu_google_recaptcha gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_20_29\"><div class=\"g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6LeGxkEjAAAAAK4nzHZn3a_6jB2ELSN935WrVBfC\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_20' class='gform_button button' value='Submit'  onclick='if(window[\"gf_submitting_20\"]){return false;}  window[\"gf_submitting_20\"]=true;  ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window[\"gf_submitting_20\"]){return false;} window[\"gf_submitting_20\"]=true;  jQuery(\"#gform_20\").trigger(\"submit\",[true]); }' \/> \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_20' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='20' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_20' value='WyJbXSIsImQ5Y2U2OGUxNzE1OTZlYjZkN2E4MzI4YmJhNDVlODY3Il0=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_20' id='gform_target_page_number_20' value='0' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_20' id='gform_source_page_number_20' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\ngform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 20, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_20').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_20');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_20').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! 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He had his Islamic education in Pakaawu Mankonombaa Saa\u00f1ankundaa, where he learned reading and writing in Mandinka Ajami. Later his father moved to Ziguinchor, where he has lived since then. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12660,"featured_media":0,"parent":33,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/467"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12660"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=467"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/467\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2031,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/467\/revisions\/2031"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=467"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}