{"id":465,"date":"2021-04-09T10:55:28","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T14:55:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/?page_id=465"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:10:39","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:10:39","slug":"mandinka-unit-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-5\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 5: Ousman Kijera 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-5-Main-Image-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-778\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-5-Main-Image-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-5-Main-Image-636x424.jpg 636w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-5-Main-Image-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-5-Main-Image-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-5-Main-Image-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#videos\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Videos<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#community-images\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Community Images<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#pedagogical-activities\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Pedagogical Activities<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Metadata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Title<\/td><td>Conversation with Ousman Kijera 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interviewer<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Bala Saho<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subject<\/td><td>Defending local Islamic traditions, higher Islamic education, foreign influences in African Islamic culture, scholarly collaboration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Content<\/td><td>Ousman Kijera was born in 1989 in Banjul, The Gambia. He spent part of his Quranic studies in The Gambia and another part in Casamance, Senegal. He worked as a Quranic teacher for years. During that time, Mr. Kijera spent ten years researching&nbsp;healing methods based on African medicine and Quranic methods of healing. He learned from the elders healing methods based on plants and Islamic medicine, and practiced many of them. He serves now as a Mandinka Ajami writer, poet, singer, and healer with a focus on herbal and Islamic medicine.&nbsp;Mr. Kijera&nbsp; has written on various topics related to culture, moral values, and African cultural rules. In this interview, Mr. Kijera discusses the dangers of foreign influences to African Islamic culture, and the ways to strengthen and cultivate local knowledge and its transmission. He criticizes his local Muslims who study abroad and return with new religious views, disrespect local Islamic traditions, and create tension in their communities. He calls for respect for the legacy of local elders who cultivated peace, unity, piety, and knowledge, and not conflict and division.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Language<\/td><td>Mandinka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Script<\/td><td>Mandinka Ajami<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>Jeeda Kayrakunda, Birikama, The Gambia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pedagogical content\/application<\/td><td>Includes relevant linguistic, stylistic and cultural skills as identified in our assessment guidebook\/ ACTFL guidelines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access condition and copyright<\/td><td>These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom (fngom@bu.edu).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contributors<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Bala Saho, Ablaye Diakite, Mamadou Aw Ndiaye, Ousmane Cisse, Alison Parker, and Frank Antonelli.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required citation information<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom (PI), Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Bala Saho, Mamadou Aw Ndiaye, Ousmane Cisse, Ablaye Diakite, and other contributors. 2022. \u201cConversation with Ousman Kijera 2.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-5\/\">https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-5\/<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"videos\">Videos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Mandinka with English Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_qxu3dxar&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_5u2ponoe\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Mandinka\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Mandinka with Latin Script Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_h95hu1t8&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_w4ifd574\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Mandinka\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"community-images\">Community Images<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(click on the image for a larger view)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bu-slideshow-container mandinka-unit-5-community-images autoplay\" id=\"bu-slideshow-container-1749\" data-slideshow-name=\"mandinka-unit-5-community-images\" data-slideshow-delay=\"5000\" style=\"width: auto; \"><div class='slideshow-loader active'><div class='loader-animation'><\/div><p>loading slideshow&#8230;<\/p><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-slides\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow transition-slide\" id=\"bu-slideshow-1749\"><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_0\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-1.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-1-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Bala Saaho ni\u014b a dimmaalu, Brusubi, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nBala Saaho and his children, Brusubi, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_1\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-2.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-2-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Busumbaala Sila baa ka\u014b, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nOn the main road, Busumbala, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_2\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-3.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-3-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>\u201cGambiyaa la poliisi kafoo be loori\u014b ila tankoo ani\u014b ila suturoo le kunna.\u201d Banjuuluu, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\n\u201cThe Gambia police force cares about your safety and security.\u201d Banjul, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_3\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-4.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-4-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Yusufa Dembaa, Mandinka ka\u014b safeeroolu kisi-kisilaalu la jaatiimaa, ani\u014b Kambaani ndi\u014bo doo mi\u014b be ataaya taboo la. Birikaama, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nYoussoufa Demba, facilitator of the fieldwork team, with a young man making tea. Brikama, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_4\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-5.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-5-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Too ni\u014b telefonoo yirikoo mi\u014b be safeeri\u014b Mandinka ka\u014bo la wandi bundaa to: \u201c635394-Afa\u014b La\u014b Saane, Jaara Daasalaame.\u201d Birikaama, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA name and phone number in Mandinka Ajami at someone\u2019s door: \u201c635394. Afa\u014b La\u014b Saane, Jaara Dasalaame.\u201d Brikama, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_5\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-6.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-6-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>IQRA Karambu\u014bo la karandi\u014boolu laadulaa, Kitty, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nIQRA Boarding School, Kitty, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_6\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-7.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-7-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Siloo mu\u014b tambita Bijilo, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA road passing through Bijilo, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_7\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-8.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-8-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Kayirabaa Siloo, Seerekundaa, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nKairaba Avenue, Serrekunda, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_8\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-9.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-9-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Sila baa ka\u014b i ka mi\u014b kili \u201cPalma Rima Junction.\u201d Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nOn the main road called \u201cPalma Rima Junction.\u201d The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_9\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-10.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-10-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Jaame\u014b ndi\u014bo mu\u014b be Birikaama, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA small mosque in Brikama, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1749_10\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-11.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-5-Image-11-scaled-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Kisi-kisilaalu ni\u014b Kijeera la suukono nkoolu be siiri\u014b kaccaa la ala suu bundaa to.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nFieldwork team members discussing with Kijera and his family in front of his house.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation-container\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation nav-number\" id=\"bu-slideshow-nav-1749\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-1\" class=\" active\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-2\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-3\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>3<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-4\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>4<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-5\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>5<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-6\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>6<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-7\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>7<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-8\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>8<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-9\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>9<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-10\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>10<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-11\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>11<\/span><\/a><\/li> <\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"pedagogical-activities\">Pedagogical Activities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#glossary\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Glossary<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#notes\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Notes<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#exercises\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Exercises<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-keyboard\/\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mandinka Keyboard<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 id=\"glossary\">Glossary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong><strong>Aadoolu: <\/strong><\/strong>Traditions, customs (singular <em>aadoo<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Arijanna, arijana, alijanna: <\/strong>Heaven, paradise, from Arabic <em>al-jannah<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Bankoo: <\/strong>Land, country, ground<\/li><li><strong>Banta, bantoo to:<\/strong> Out, outside (not to be confused with \u2018finished\u2019)<\/li><li><strong>Bii: <\/strong>Today, now, nowadays<\/li><li><strong>Caaboo: <\/strong>Key<\/li><li><strong>Daajikoo: <\/strong>Behavior, habit, manner, personality<\/li><li><strong>Daawa, dawa: <\/strong>Preaching,<strong> <\/strong>invitation to the Islamic faith,<strong> <\/strong>from Arabic <em>da<\/em>\u02bf<em>wa<\/em><\/li><li><strong>De\u014b:<\/strong> To hang<\/li><li><strong>Duwaa: <\/strong>Supplication,<strong> <\/strong>prayer, blessing<\/li><li><strong>Fatafi\u014b, fata-fi\u014bo:<\/strong> Black skin, black people, black race<\/li><li><strong>Fatakoyi, fata-koyoo:<\/strong> White skin, white people, white race<\/li><li><strong>Fitinoo:<\/strong> Fight, strife, dispute, trouble, from Arabic <em>fitna<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Furee: <\/strong>Corpse, dead person<\/li><li><strong>Hijjoo: <\/strong>Pilgrimage to Mecca, from Arabic <em>\u1e25ajj<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Horomo:<\/strong> Respect, consideration, honor<\/li><li><strong>Ka a horoma: <\/strong>To respect, consider, honor<\/li><li><strong>Ka a lakura: <\/strong>To finish, end, complete, be ready<\/li><li><strong>Ka a \u00f1u\u014b: <\/strong>To carry, to take responsibility of something<\/li><li><strong>Ka a puruca: <\/strong>To disparage, show contempt<\/li><li><strong>Ka a saamu: <\/strong>To classify, categorize, pile up goods for sale<\/li><li><strong>Ka a sika, ka a cika:<\/strong> To raise, lift up, pick up<\/li><li><strong>Ka a soosoo: <\/strong>To deny, quarrel &nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Ka a tulu bu\u014b, ka a tuloo bu\u014b: <\/strong>To hit someone\u2019s ear, slap<\/li><li><strong>Ka dende\u014b: <\/strong>To<strong> <\/strong>lean on, lurk, put aside<\/li><li><strong>Ka jaakali: <\/strong>To worry, be concerned, be anxious<\/li><li><strong>Ka jii: <\/strong>To get down, land, descend, climb down<\/li><li><strong>Ka kambe\u014b: <\/strong>To unite, get along<\/li><li><strong>Ka \u00f1oo muta:<\/strong> To unite, respect each other<\/li><li><strong>Ka \u00f1oo-muta, ka \u00f1o\u014b muta: <\/strong>To support each other, help each other<\/li><li><strong>Ka \u00f1oo-saba, ka \u00f1o\u014b saba:<\/strong>&nbsp;To quibble, quarrel, fight, dispute<\/li><li><strong>Ka sonka:<\/strong> To fight over, argue<\/li><li><strong>Ka waalii:<\/strong> To oppose, differ, disagree<\/li><li><strong>Kaabakuyaata, kaabakuyari\u014b: <\/strong>Problematic, complicated, puzzling, mysterious<\/li><li><strong>Kajafiroo:<\/strong> To slander, insult, from <em>kajafi<\/em> (insult, slander)<\/li><li><strong>Kummaayaata, kumaayaata: <\/strong>Important, prominent<\/li><li><strong>Kunu\u014b: <\/strong>Yesterday, in the past<\/li><li><strong>Londoo:<\/strong> Knowledge, education, founding<\/li><li><strong>Lonnaa: <\/strong>Erudite, learned person, knowledgeable person, scholar<\/li><li><strong>Mooyaa:<\/strong> Commonsense, decency, humanism, generosity<\/li><li><strong>\u00d1imma: <\/strong>Beautiful, pretty, nice<\/li><li><strong>\u00d1oo kanuri\u014b: <\/strong>Loving one another<\/li><li><strong>\u00d1oo moyiri\u014b:<\/strong> Hearing one another, getting along<\/li><li><strong>Sa\u00f1oo: <\/strong>Back below the neck, upper back<\/li><li><strong>Sila\u014bo: <\/strong>Fear<\/li><li><strong>Soosooroo: <\/strong>Denial, disagreement<\/li><li><strong>Tooroo: <\/strong>Harm, suffering<\/li><li><strong>Waaliyo: <\/strong>Difference, conflict, disagreement<\/li><li><strong>Wula: <\/strong>Bush, forest, overseas, abroad, foreign land<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"notes\">Notes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Aadoolu \u00f1immaa: <\/strong>\u201cBeautiful traditions.\u201d This refers to local virtues and traditions that form the Mandinka moral philosophy.<\/li><li><strong>Bidaa, bidaa:<\/strong> Sinful innovations in Islam that conservative Muslims reject because they believe that they diverge from Prophet Muhammad\u2019s traditions. It comes from the Arabic word <em>bid\u02bfa.<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Bii moolu:<\/strong> \u201cToday\u2019s people.\u201d This refers to the contemporary generation. It contrasts with <em>kunu\u014b alfaalu <\/em>(literally, elders of yesterday), meaning the older generations, predecessors, or ancestors.<\/li><li><strong>Fatafi\u014b bankoolu:<\/strong> Literally, \u201cBlack people\u2019s lands.\u201d<strong> <\/strong>This refers to Black African countries, in contrast to <em>Fatakoy bankoolu <\/em>(literally, White people\u2019s lands).<\/li><li><strong>Ka a sa\u00f1oo sika:<\/strong> \u201cTo lift one\u2019s upper back.\u201d This expression means to show off, to boast, to pretend to be better than everyone else, to be arrogant.<\/li><li><strong>Mashriqi: <\/strong>From the Arabic word <em>al-Mashriq<\/em> (the East); used in the video to refer specifically to local Muslims leaders who studied in Saudi Arabia and follow the Saudi understanding of Islam.<\/li><li><strong>Saama Lu\u014bo: <\/strong>Literally, \u201cThe Day of Tomorrow,\u201d&nbsp; meaning the Judgement Day in Mandinka.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"exercises\">Exercises:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"#comprehension\">Comprehension<\/a> || <a href=\"#writing\">Writing<\/a> || <a href=\"#listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/a> || <a href=\"#cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/a> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"comprehension\">Comprehension: Video<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_539602df45514a6fa791e828bf110d61\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_ac569ca764e846b1b2dfb72514b62226\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_6e58597dc17e4e8d8cfcb0d0f92fd280\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_b15e58bcf32c4d07be87f7d19740aa09\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_bda781a6520d4f6097ffe18e3e112885\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_99e14e8562044a8a98ba2494b29b82c9\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h4>Comprehension: Image<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_2e0b21ab847746da9dbab2f02b35b744\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9f53d1bcaa4247dd845644d08daac750\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" id=\"wider-question\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><div id=\"bulb_question_ebf1e084ba944922ad467725fe9b7113\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_3a07f782dd7c44aabede82a17ae4f28c\" 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enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_22'  action='\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/465' data-formid='22' >\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_22' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><fieldset id=\"field_22_4\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_4\"><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex'  >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_22_4'>Please enter the name that should be associated with your answers.<\/div><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 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'>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_22_2\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_2\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_22_2' >Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_22_2'>Please enter the email address to which you'd like your responses sent. Please notify the recipient(s) that you have submitted these exercises, as the submission could go to their spam folder.<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_2' id='input_22_2' type='text' value='' class='large'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_22_2\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_22_5\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_5\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_22_5' >Additional Email<\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_22_5'>[If you'd like your responses sent to another email address as well, please enter it here.]<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_5' id='input_22_5' type='text' value='' class='large'     aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_22_5\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_22_26\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_26\">For exercises 1-6 below, open the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-keyboard\/\">Mandinka Ajami keyboard<\/a>, type text, and copy-paste it into the box.<\/div><div id=\"field_22_20\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_20\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_22_20' >1. Widewoo juubee ka bo simili 1 fo 2. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, a safee i ye mu\u014b bee lamoyi ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la. I saa safee noo kompiyutoo safeerila\u014bo la, ni\u014b i lafita.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_20' id='input_22_20' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_22_21\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_21\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_22_21' >2. I miira, i ye kaccaa-kuma kili\u014b tombo\u014b widewoo kono. Misaali fee, i saa safee noo: 1) Ite fee, kuwo mu\u014b ye nafaa soto a to. 2) Mune kaawakuyaata wo kaccaa-kumoo kunna. 3) I lafita mune se koyindi i ma.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_21' id='input_22_21' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_22_22\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_22\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_22_22' >3. \u00d1ininkaaroolu safee widewoo la kaccaa-kuma kili\u014b kunna. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, a kara\u014b i kafu\u00f1oolu \u00f1aato. I saa safee noo kompiyutoo safeerila\u014bo la, ni\u014b i lafita.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_22' id='input_22_22' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_22_23\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_23\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_22_23' >4. \u00d1ininkaari luulu safee Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la widewoo ye kaccaa-kuma-ka\u014boolu minulu yitandi kunna. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, i yaa dii i kafu\u00f1oolu la. Itelu fana\u014b i se ila \u00f1ininkaaroolu jaabi. I saa safee ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_23' id='input_22_23' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_22_24\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_24\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_22_24' >5. Kuma sutu\u014b safee Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la \u00f1i\u014b widewoo kaccaa-kuma-ka\u014boolu kunna.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_24' id='input_22_24' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_22_25\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_25\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_22_25' >6. Naataali kili\u014b tombo\u014b. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, i saa fo a ye mune kummaayandi ani\u014b a ye mune yitandi. A safee ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_25' id='input_22_25' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_22_27\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_22_27\"><i>Disclaimer: By completing these online exercises, I agree to share my name and contact information with the email recipient(s) I have indicated. Boston University takes no responsibility for the use of the submitted information. 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He spent part of his Quranic studies in The Gambia and another part in Casamance, Senegal. He worked as a Quranic teacher for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12660,"featured_media":0,"parent":33,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/465"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12660"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=465"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2033,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/465\/revisions\/2033"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}