{"id":463,"date":"2021-04-09T10:54:51","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T14:54:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/?page_id=463"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:10:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:10:09","slug":"mandinka-unit-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 4: Ousman Kijera 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-4-Main-Image-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-771\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-4-Main-Image-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-4-Main-Image-636x424.jpg 636w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-4-Main-Image-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-4-Main-Image-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Mandinka-Unit-4-Main-Image-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#videos\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Videos<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#community-images\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Community Images<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#pedagogical-activities\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Pedagogical Activities<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Metadata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Title<\/td><td>Conversation with Ousman Kijera 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interviewer<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Bala Saho<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subject<\/td><td>Mandinka Ajami poetry, poetic styles, performing poetry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Content<\/td><td>Ousman Kijera was born in 1989 in Banjul, the Gambia. He spent part of his Quranic studies in the Gambia and another part in Casamance, Senegal. He worked as a Quranic teacher for years. During those times, he spent ten years researching&nbsp; healing methods based on African medicine and Quranic methods of healing. He learnt the elders\u2019 methods of healing based on plants and Islamic panacea, which helped him understand and practice many of them. He serves now as a Mandinka Ajami writer, poet, singer, and healer with a focus on plants and Islamic panacea.&nbsp; He has written on different topics related to culture, moral values, and African cultural rules. In this conversation, Ousman Kijera talks about how to write and recite Mandinka poems.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Language<\/td><td>Mandinka<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Script<\/td><td>Mandinka Ajami<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>Jeeda Kayrakunda, Birikama, The Gambia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pedagogical content\/application<\/td><td>Includes relevant linguistic, stylistic and cultural skills as identified in our assessment guidebook\/ ACTFL guidelines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access condition and copyright<\/td><td>These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom (fngom@bu.edu).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contributors<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Bala Saho, Ablaye Diakite, Mamadou Aw Ndiaye, Ousmane Cisse, Alison Parker, and Frank Antonelli.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required citation information<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom (PI), Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Bala Saho, Mamadou Aw Ndiaye, Ousmane Cisse, Ablaye Diakite, and other contributors. 2022. \u201cConversation with Ousman Kijera 1.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-4\/\">https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-unit-4\/<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"videos\">Videos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Mandinka with English Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_l32c9quv&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_sk9q9p7i\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Mandinka\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Mandinka with Latin Script Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_6ot1y2t0&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_l9bphv7v\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Mandinka \" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"community-images\">Community Images<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(click on the image for a larger view)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bu-slideshow-container mandinka-unit-4-community-images autoplay\" id=\"bu-slideshow-container-1732\" data-slideshow-name=\"mandinka-unit-4-community-images\" data-slideshow-delay=\"5000\" style=\"width: auto; \"><div class='slideshow-loader active'><div class='loader-animation'><\/div><p>loading slideshow&#8230;<\/p><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-slides\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow transition-slide\" id=\"bu-slideshow-1732\"><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_0\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-1.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-1-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Banjuuluu ni\u014b a daala saateelu la Karambu\u014b baa, Pipeline, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nGreater Banjul Senior School, Pipeline, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_1\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-2.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-2-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Dalasi keme fula kayitoo, Gambiyaa la Kodi Maradulaa baa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\n200 Dalasi note, Central Bank of The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_2\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-3.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-3-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Kayirabaa Siloo, Seerekundaa, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nKairaba Avenue, Serrekunda, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_3\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-4.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-4-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Gambiyaa la kumburu\u014b dookulaalu la kafoo, \u00d1ambaayi Wuloo.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe National Beekeepers Association of The Gambia, Nyambai Forest.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_4\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-5.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-5-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Musilima karambu\u014bo daala, Birikaama, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nNear an Islamic School, Brikama, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_5\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-6.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-6-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Gambiyaa la be\u014bdulaa bu\u014b baa, Senegambiyaa siloo ka\u014b.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nGambia\u2019s Conference Building, Senegambia Highway. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_6\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-7.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-7-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Tyga la du\u014b fe\u014b waafi-dulaa, Busumbaala, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\nTyga fashion shop, Busumbala, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_7\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-8.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-8-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Musu fula be loori\u014b siloo daala, Seerekundaa, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nTwo women standing next to the road, Serrekunda, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_8\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-9.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-9-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Birikaama la dindi\u014b karambu\u014bo, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\nBrikama Lower Basic School, Brikama, Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1732_9\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-10.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Mandinka-4-Image-10-scaled-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Birikaama la  dindi\u014b karambu\u014bo ani\u014b fondinkeelu la karambu\u014bo, Gambiyaa.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nBrikama Lower Basic and Senior Secondary School, The Gambia.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation-container\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation nav-number\" id=\"bu-slideshow-nav-1732\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-1\" class=\" active\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-2\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-3\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>3<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-4\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>4<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-5\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>5<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-6\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>6<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-7\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>7<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-8\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>8<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-9\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>9<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-10\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>10<\/span><\/a><\/li> <\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"pedagogical-activities\">Pedagogical Activities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#glossary\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Glossary<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#notes\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Notes<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#exercises\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Exercises<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-keyboard\/\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mandinka Keyboard<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 id=\"glossary\">Glossary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Alfaa, alifaa:<\/strong> Respected person, leader, elder, ancestors, plural (<em>alfaalu, alifaalu<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Be\u014b dulaa, bendulaa: <\/strong>Meeting point, meeting place, conference venue<\/li><li><strong>Daa-woo-daa: <\/strong>Anywhere, everywhere, each place<\/li><li><strong>Daala: <\/strong>Near, close to, next to, beside<\/li><li><strong>Fatata: <\/strong>Different, separated, weaned (for a child)<\/li><li><strong>Ka a lamoyi:<\/strong>&nbsp;To listen, wait<\/li><li><strong>Ka fatandi: <\/strong>To differentiate, distinguished, separate<\/li><li><strong>Ka \u00f1akka: <\/strong>To reach, be in reachable distance<\/li><li><strong>Ka Suukuuwoo laa: <\/strong>To chant religious song, compose religious poetry<\/li><li><strong>Ka taama: <\/strong>To walk, travel<\/li><li><strong>Kaatu\u014b, kaatu: <\/strong>Because, so<\/li><li><strong>Kara\u014b \u00f1aa or karan\u00f1aa:<\/strong> Reading style, reciting, singing style<\/li><li><strong>Kumaka\u014bo: <\/strong>Word, sound, plural (<em>kumaka\u014boolu<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Mintoo: <\/strong>Where, which place<\/li><li><strong>\u00d1aadii:<\/strong> How<\/li><li><strong>Sako, soko: <\/strong>Let alone, much more<\/li><li><strong>Sila, siloo: <\/strong>Path, road<\/li><li><strong>Suukuulaalaa:<\/strong> A religious poetry chanter, poet plural (<em>suukuulaalaalu<\/em><strong>)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Suukuwo: <\/strong>Religious chant, religious song, chanting<\/li><li><strong>Suwandita: <\/strong>Distinguished, eminent<\/li><li><strong>Timpoo: <\/strong>Hard worker, plural (<em>timpoolu<\/em>)<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Tompu:<\/strong> Dot, period<\/li><li><strong>Yuruwandi, yiriwandi: <\/strong>To improve, develop, enhance, expand<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"notes\">Notes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Bahroo:<\/strong> Poetic genre, poetic meter type from Arabic (<em>ba\u1e25r<\/em>). There are sixteen types of poetic meters in classical Arabic, which are all used in the Arabic and Ajami poetry of Mandinka scholars of Senegambia.<\/li><li><strong>Banjuuluu:<\/strong> The Mandinka pronunciation of <em>Banjul,<\/em> the capital of The Gambia. The Gambia is a multiethnic country. While Mandinka people dominate across the country, the Gambian variety of Wolof, which is strongly influenced by English, is more widely spoken in Banjul followed by Mandinka.<\/li><li><strong>Bayitoo: <\/strong>Mandinka poets also use the word<strong> <\/strong><em>bayitoo,<\/em> which comes from the Arabic word (<em>bayt), <\/em>to refer to a poetic verse that consists of two hemistiches of equal length.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Daayiraa:<\/strong> This is the name for religious organizations commonly found in Muslim communities across Senegambia. Their members meet periodically to listen to religious lectures, recitation and changing of Arabic and Ajami religious poems, and to celebrate religious events, including the <em>Mawlid <\/em>(the birthday of Prophet Muhammad). They provide many services to communities.<\/li><li><strong>Kama\u00f1a\u014bo:<\/strong> This is a small farm usually close to the main one in Mandinka communities in the Pakaawu area, the heartland and religious center of the Mandinka people of the southern Casamance region of Senegal. In Gambian dialect of Mandinka, the word <em>ka\u00f1ama\u014bo<\/em> is more commonly used. &nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Marsee: <\/strong>Market, from French (<em>march\u00e9<\/em>). Because French is the official language of Senegal, which surrounds The Gambia, both the Senegalese and Gambian dialects of Mandinka are influenced by French. However, the French influence is more significant in the Senegalese variety just as the English influence is more significant in the Gambian Mandinka dialect due the fact that English is the official language of The Gambia.<\/li><li><strong>Nasidoo: <\/strong>Someone who specializes in the recitation and chanting of the works of great master poets in Mandinka learning centers in Senegambia.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"exercises\">Exercises:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"#comprehension\">Comprehension<\/a> || <a href=\"#writing\">Writing<\/a> || <a href=\"#listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/a> || <a href=\"#cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/a> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"comprehension\">Comprehension: Video<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_539602df45514a6fa791e828bf110d61\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_ac569ca764e846b1b2dfb72514b62226\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_6e58597dc17e4e8d8cfcb0d0f92fd280\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_b15e58bcf32c4d07be87f7d19740aa09\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_bda781a6520d4f6097ffe18e3e112885\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_99e14e8562044a8a98ba2494b29b82c9\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h4>Comprehension: Image<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_2e0b21ab847746da9dbab2f02b35b744\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9f53d1bcaa4247dd845644d08daac750\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" id=\"wider-question\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><div id=\"bulb_question_ebf1e084ba944922ad467725fe9b7113\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_3a07f782dd7c44aabede82a17ae4f28c\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_a1b74e49f9dc42feb5294296ab036f88\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9fcb079f4d18420182b8412d4987a419\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"writing\">Writing<\/h4>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">var 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enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_21'  action='\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/463' data-formid='21' >\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_21' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><fieldset id=\"field_21_4\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_4\"><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex'  >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_21_4'>Please enter the name that should be associated with your answers.<\/div><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 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'>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_21_2\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_2\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_21_2' >Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_21_2'>Please enter the email address to which you'd like your responses sent. Please notify the recipient(s) that you have submitted these exercises, as the submission could go to their spam folder.<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_2' id='input_21_2' type='text' value='' class='large'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_21_2\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_21_5\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_5\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_21_5' >Additional Email<\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_21_5'>[If you'd like your responses sent to another email address as well, please enter it here.]<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_5' id='input_21_5' type='text' value='' class='large'     aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_21_5\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_21_26\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_26\">For exercises 1-6 below, open the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/mandinka\/mandinka-keyboard\/\">Mandinka Ajami keyboard<\/a>, type text, and copy-paste it into the box.<\/div><div id=\"field_21_20\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_20\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_21_20' >1. Widewoo juubee ka bo simili 1 fo 2. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, a safee i ye mu\u014b bee lamoyi ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la. I saa safee noo kompiyutoo safeerila\u014bo la, ni\u014b i lafita.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_20' id='input_21_20' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_21_21\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_21\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_21_21' >2. I miira i ye kaccaa-kuma kili\u014b tombo\u014b widewoo kono. Misaali fee, i saa safee noo: 1) Ite fee, kuwo mu\u014b ye nafaa soto a to. 2) Mune kaawakuyaata wo kaccaa-kumoo kunna. 3) I lafita mune se koyindi i ma.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_21' id='input_21_21' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_21_22\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_22\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_21_22' >3. \u00d1ininkaaroolu safee widewoo la kaccaa-kuma kili\u014b kunna. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, a kara\u014b i kafu\u00f1oolu \u00f1aato. I saa safee noo kompiyutoo safeerila\u014bo la, ni\u014b i lafita.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_22' id='input_21_22' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_21_23\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_23\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_21_23' >4. \u00d1ininkaari luulu safee Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la widewoo ye kaccaa-kuma-ka\u014boolu minulu yitandi kunna. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, i yaa dii i kafu\u00f1oolu la. Itelu fana\u014b i se ila \u00f1ininkaaroolu jaabi. I saa safee ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_23' id='input_21_23' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_21_24\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_24\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_21_24' >5. Kuma sutu\u014b safee Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la \u00f1i\u014b widewoo kaccaa-kuma-ka\u014boolu kunna.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_24' id='input_21_24' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_21_25\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_25\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_21_25' >6. Naataali kili\u014b tombo\u014b. Ni\u014b i ye i bandii, i saa fo a ye mune kummaayandi ani\u014b a ye mune yitandi. A safee ani\u014b Mandinka safeeri-kuloolu la.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_25' id='input_21_25' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_21_27\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_27\"><i>Disclaimer: By completing these online exercises, I agree to share my name and contact information with the email recipient(s) I have indicated. Boston University takes no responsibility for the use of the submitted information. A copy of all submitted information may be retained on Boston University\u2019s servers upon submission.<\/i><\/div><div id=\"field_21_28\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-section gsection bu_google_recaptcha_section field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_28\"><h3 class=\"gsection_title\"><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"field_21_29\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html bu_google_recaptcha gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_21_29\"><div class=\"g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6LeGxkEjAAAAAK4nzHZn3a_6jB2ELSN935WrVBfC\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_21' class='gform_button button' value='Submit'  onclick='if(window[\"gf_submitting_21\"]){return false;}  window[\"gf_submitting_21\"]=true;  ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window[\"gf_submitting_21\"]){return false;} window[\"gf_submitting_21\"]=true;  jQuery(\"#gform_21\").trigger(\"submit\",[true]); }' \/> \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_21' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='21' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_21' value='WyJbXSIsImQ5Y2U2OGUxNzE1OTZlYjZkN2E4MzI4YmJhNDVlODY3Il0=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_21' id='gform_target_page_number_21' value='0' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_21' id='gform_source_page_number_21' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\ngform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 21, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_21').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_21');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_21').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! 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He spent part of his Quranic studies in the Gambia and another part in Casamance, Senegal. He worked as a Quranic teacher for years. During those times, he spent ten years [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12660,"featured_media":0,"parent":33,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/463"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12660"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=463"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2032,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/463\/revisions\/2032"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/33"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}