{"id":455,"date":"2021-04-09T10:50:36","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T14:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/?page_id=455"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:04:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:04:57","slug":"hausa-unit-6","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-6\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 6: Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-6-Main-Image-1024x575.png\" alt=\"Mustapha Kurfi\" class=\"wp-image-856\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-6-Main-Image-1024x575.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-6-Main-Image-636x357.png 636w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-6-Main-Image-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-6-Main-Image.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#videos\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Videos<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#community-images\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Community Images<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#pedagogical-activities\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Pedagogical Activities<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Metadata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Title<\/td><td>Conversation with Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interviewer<\/td><td>Malam Muhammad Fu\u2019ad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subject<\/td><td>His life story, works on Hausa Ajami, and signage, posters, and billboards in Hausa Ajami<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Content<\/td><td>Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi was born in Kaduna to the families of Alhaji Hashim Khalid and Hajiya Khadija Ma\u2019ruf. He has&nbsp;two&nbsp;Masters degrees: MSc. Sociology from Bayero University, Kano, and an M.A. in International Studies from Ohio University, USA. He also earned a PhD. in Sociology from Boston University. His major research interests are religion, Islam in Africa, gender, civil society, and Ajami studies. Dr. Kurfi served as a Senior Teaching Fellow at the African Studies Centers at Ohio University and at Boston University for nearly a decade. He digitized the Hausa, Kanuri, Fulfulde, Nupe Ajami and Yoruba Anjemi manuscripts hosted at the <em>African Ajami Library (<a href=\"https:\/\/open.bu.edu\/handle\/2144\/1896\">AAL<\/a>)<\/em> at Boston University. Dr. Kurfi co-edited with Toyin Falola and Fallou Ngom <em>The Palgrave Handbook of Islam in Africa <\/em>(Palgrave Macmillan, 2020). He has also authored several works in Hausa Ajami including <em>Jagoran Koyon Hausa Ajami a Aiwace<\/em>:<em> A Practical Guide to Learning Hausa Ajami <\/em>(Boston University African Studies Center, 2017) and <em>Jagoran Koyon Hausa Ajami don Lafiyar Al\u2019umma: <\/em>Hausa Ajami Workbook for Public Health (Boston University African Studies Center, 2017). Dr. Kurfi is currently the Associate Dean in-charge of Facilities of the Faculty of Social Sciences, at Bayero University, Kano. In this interview, he provides insights into what it means to have Hausa Ajami on signage, political posters, billboards, as well as in public and private spheres. He provides policy recommendations on how to effectively utilize Hausa Ajami in the public sphere in order to demonstrate the rich cultural identity and heritage of the Hausa people.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Language<\/td><td>Hausa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Script<\/td><td>Hausa Ajami<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>Kano, Nigeria<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pedagogical content\/application<\/td><td>Includes relevant linguistic, stylistic, and cultural skills as identified in our assessment guidebook\/ ACTFL guidelines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access condition and copyright<\/td><td>These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom (fngom@bu.edu).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contributors<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Jennifer Yanco, Mustapha Kurfi, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Alison Parker, and Frank Antonelli.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required citation information<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom (PI), Jennifer Yanco, Mustapha Kurfi, and Daivi Rodima-Taylor. 2023. \u201cConversation with Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-6\/\">https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-6\/<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"videos\">Videos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Hausa with English Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_57d2953x&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_007livy4\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Hausa Final Videos - Mustapha Hashim Kurfi (English subtitles)\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Hausa with Latin Script Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_lp8icewk&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_atbmk71s\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Hausa Final Videos - Mustapha Hashim Kurfi (Hausa subtitles)\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"community-images\">Community Images<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(click on the image for a larger view)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bu-slideshow-container hausa-unit-6-community-images autoplay\" id=\"bu-slideshow-container-1627\" data-slideshow-name=\"hausa-unit-6-community-images\" data-slideshow-delay=\"5000\" style=\"width: auto; \"><div class='slideshow-loader active'><div class='loader-animation'><\/div><p>loading slideshow&#8230;<\/p><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-slides\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow transition-slide\" id=\"bu-slideshow-1627\"><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_0\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-1.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-1-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Malam Bashir Abdullahi Gwammaja yana ri\u0199e da jaridar Hausa Ajami mai suna Jaridar Alfijir, wacce a kamfanin ya yi aiki sama da shekara ashirin. <\/i>\r\n||\r\nMr. Bashir Abdullahi Gwammaja holding a copy of Hausa Ajami newspaper called <i>Alfijir<\/i> (from Arabic: <i>al-fajr<\/i>, dawn), for which he has worked for more than twenty years.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_1\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-2.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-2-636x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Malam Ghali Mujitaba, edita kuma ma\u2019aikacin Jaridar Alfijir na farko tun kafuwar ta yana nuna mana yadda suka fara shirya jaridar Alfijir ta farko.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nMr. Ghali Mujitaba, editor and veteran staff member of the <i>Alfijir<\/i> Hausa Ajami newspaper showing how they prepared the inaugural edition of <i>Alfijir<\/i>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_2\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-3.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-3-636x493.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Malam Ghali Mujitaba yana ri\u0199e da Jaridar Alfijir ta farko, ya yin da yake nuna girman ta da yadda aka faro ta a shekara ta 1982.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nMalam Ghali Mujitaba holds the inaugural edition of the <i>Alfijir<\/i> newspaper, reflecting its size and foundation in 1982.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_3\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-4.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-4-636x457.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Shugaban \u0199asar Najeriya, Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, yana ba da babbar nambar girmamawa ta \u0199asa (MON) ga Alhaji Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino dangane da gudummawar da yake bayarwa ga bun\u0199asa harshen Hausa, adabin Hausa da Ajami.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe President of Nigeria, Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, decorates Alhaji Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino with a national merit award titled Member of the Order of Niger (MON) in recognition of his contributions to the development of the Hausa language, literature, and Ajami tradition. Source: Alhaji Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino\u2019s personal archives, 2022.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_4\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-5.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-5-636x421.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Alhaji Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino (MON) ya yin wata ziyarar girmamawa ga mai martaba Sarkin Daura, mai martaba Faruk Umar Faruk. Shi Alhaji Ado Gidan Dabino (MON) yana bada kyauta ga mai martaba sarki bisa gudummawar sa ga al\u2019umma.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nAlhaji Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino presents a gift to the Emir of Daura, his Royal Highness Alhaji Faruk Umar Faruk in recognition of his immense contributions to society. Source: Alhaji Ado Ahmad Gidan Dabino\u2019s personal archives, 2022.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_5\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-6.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-6-636x365.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Ginin da ya fi kowanne tsawo a Kano, wanda a yanzu Jami\u2019a ce mai zaman kan ta mai suna Skyline a tsakiyar birnin Kano.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe tallest building in Kano, which hosts Skyline University, a private institution in the middle of Kano city.  <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_6\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-7.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-7-636x160.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Gwamna Ganduje, tare da \u01b4an kwangilar da ke gina babbar cibiyar kula da masu cutar daji, (wato cancer) wadda ake ginawa a babban asibitin Muhammadu Buhari a unguwar Giginyu.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nGovernor Ganduje (of Kano state) in a meeting with the contractors, who are constructing a Cancer Center at the Muhammadu Buhari General Hospital, located at Giginyu county. Source: <i>Alfijir<\/i>, August 28-September 3, 2023.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_7\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-8.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-8-636x246.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Gwamna Ganduje, a lokacin are da yake sahun Sallah a Masallacin Juma\u2019ah na Ansaru-Din da ke Babban Birnin tarayya, a Abuja.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nGovernor Ganduje at a Friday prayer congregation at the Ansar-ud-Deen mosque, federal capital territory, Abuja. Source: <i>Alfijir<\/i>, August 28-September 3, 2023.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_8\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-center-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-9.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-9-636x566.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-center-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Kwamishinan gidaje da sufuri na jihar Kano, Mahmud Muhammad Santsi a lokacin da yake ziyarar ofishin KAROTA (Hukumar kula da sufuri da tu\u0199i).<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe Commissioner of Transportation of Kano State, Mahmud Muhammad Santsi during an official visit to the Kano Roads and Traffic Agency (KAROTA). Source: <i>Alfijir<\/i>, August 28-September 3 2023.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1627_9\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-10.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-6-Image-10-636x288.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Taran \u0257aurin auren \u01b4ar gidan Malam Ibrahim mai suna Sumayya, a lokacin da wasu daga cikin ma.aikatan kamfanin Triumph suka halarta.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA wedding ceremony of Sumayya, daughter of Mr. Ibrahim \u2013 who is a staff of the Triumph Publishing Company. The picture above shows some staff members of the company in attendance. Source: <i>Alfijir<\/i>, August 28-September 3 2023.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation-container\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation nav-number\" id=\"bu-slideshow-nav-1627\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-1\" class=\" active\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-2\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-3\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>3<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-4\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>4<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-5\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>5<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-6\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>6<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-7\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>7<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-8\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>8<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-9\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>9<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-10\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>10<\/span><\/a><\/li> <\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"pedagogical-activities\">Pedagogical Activities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#glossary\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Glossary<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#notes\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Notes<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#exercises\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Exercises<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-keyboard\/\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hausa Keyboard<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 id=\"glossary\">Glossary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Allo: <\/strong>Wooden slate for writing lessons in Quranic schools<\/li><li><strong>Ankara:<\/strong> To realize, pay attention, take notice, be alert<\/li><li><strong>Babban digiri:<\/strong> Master\u2019s degree, higher degree<\/li><li><strong>Basaja:<\/strong> To disguise<\/li><li><strong>Bincike: <\/strong>Research, investigation<\/li><li><strong>\u0181ad-da-bami: <\/strong>A trick, tongue-twister<\/li><li><strong>Doki: <\/strong>Horse<\/li><li><strong>Fassara:<\/strong> To translate, interpret, explain, expound (from Arabic)<\/li><li><strong>Jarida:<\/strong> Newspaper<\/li><li><strong>Jaridar Tabarau:<\/strong> Name of a Kano-based Hausa Ajami newspaper<\/li><li><strong>Kai-tsaye: <\/strong>Direct, without&nbsp; hesitation, straight forward<\/li><li><strong>Kamfanonin sadarwa:<\/strong> Communication company<\/li><li><strong>Karin magana:<\/strong> Proverb<\/li><li><strong>Kuturi:<\/strong> The hindquarters of a horse<\/li><li><strong>Kyautata: <\/strong>To improve, enhance, beautify<\/li><li><strong>\u0198warin gwiwa:<\/strong> Support, encouragement<\/li><li><strong>Makaranta:<\/strong> School, institute<\/li><li><strong>Mu\u2019amala:<\/strong> Business transaction, economic relationship<\/li><li><strong>Mulki:<\/strong> Rule, government, leadership, control<\/li><li><strong>Munana:<\/strong> To worsen, humiliate, make ugly<\/li><li><strong>Sakamako: <\/strong>Result, outcome, reward<\/li><li><strong>Sake haihuwa:<\/strong> Rebirth, reinvigorate&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Tabarau: <\/strong>Eyeglasses<\/li><li><strong>Yi wa \u0199asa hidima:<\/strong> To serve the nation<\/li><li><strong>Zomance:<\/strong> To transform, convert<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"notes\">Notes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Allunan tallace-tallace:<\/strong> This refers to billboards or signboards used for advertising generally placed on roadsides or in busy areas to draw people\u2019s attention. It comes from <em>alluna<\/em> (the plural form of <em>allo <\/em>which refers to a writing board used in Quranic schools) and <em>tallace-tallace <\/em>which is advertisement.<\/li><li><strong>Gidan Goldie, Kano: <\/strong>\u201cGoldie\u2019s house, Kano.\u201d This refers to Goldie\u2019s Home in Kano, an old historic two-story colonial era building in downtown Kano, which serves as the center for buying and storing products such as cotton, groundnuts, animal hides, fertilizers, and so on. It is located on Niger Street in the Fagge Local Government area in the heart of the city\u2019s central business area, near the Kano Central Rail Station. The name comes from Sir George D. T. Goldie who was the first Governor of the Northern Protectorate in colonial Nigeria. The Hausa Ajami phrase <em>Gidan Goldie Kano<\/em> was inscribed on Goldie\u2019s home so that local farmers who were literate in Ajami could easily locate the place where they should unload their produce.<\/li><li><strong>Gidan Sarkin Ilorin:<\/strong> \u201cHome of the Emir of Ilorin.\u201d This refers to the royal home of the Emir of Ilorin, which is in the locality called Unguwar Sarki in Kaduna state. It is located on the busiest road in Kaduna called Ali Akilu Road.<strong> <\/strong>Just like Goldie\u2019s Home, the phrase<em> Gidan Sarkin Ilorin<\/em> (Home of the Emir of Ilorin) in Hausa Ajami is inscribed on the building, a common practice to indicate the homes of Emirs in Hausaland.<\/li><li><strong>Gudummawar kamfanonin sadarwa: <\/strong>\u201cContributions by the communication service providers.\u201d This phrase is used to refer to corporate social responsibilities, i.e., the contributions that the private companies such as communication service providers ought to give to the communities from which they make profits. The interviewee in the video used the phrase to call for communication companies such as MTN, 9mobile, Globacom, and Airtel to make concerted efforts to enhance the role of Hausa Ajami in local communities where they make significant profits.<\/li><li><strong>Hausa ba dabo ba ce: <\/strong>\u201cHausa is not magic.\u201d These words are used to describe how complicated Hausa language can be. Hausa can be confusing, especially when idioms, proverbs, and adages are involved. For instance, the true meaning of proverbs may not be the same as the literal meanings of the words. Yet, native speakers will easily understand them while non-native speakers need contextual explanations to grasp their true meanings.<\/li><li><strong>Maidoki ya koma kuturi: <\/strong>\u201cThe horse owner has been pushed to the back.\u201d This is a Hausa saying that is used to describe a situation in which deserving people are downplayed, belittled, or taken advantage of. A situation in which this saying could be used is, for instance, former colonial powers who extract raw materials, manufacture them, and then return them back to their former colonies to sell them at high prices. In such cases, the manufacturers get the credit, while the real producers\u2013the farmers, miners, and so on\u2013are not recognized.<\/li><li><strong>Yi wa \u0199asa hidima:<\/strong> \u201cServing the nation.\u201d There are many aspects of serving the nation,&nbsp; including providing services in the public sector, paying taxes, engaging in voluntary services, fulfilling civic responsibilities, and so on. But the phrase <em>yi wa \u0199asa hidima<\/em> has a special meaning in Hausa. It is specifically used to refer to the National Youth Services Corps (NYSC), a mandatory national program that was introduced by the military junta of General Yakubu Gowon in 1973 to foster national unity and integration. Soon after the Nigerian civil war, also known as the Biafran war (1967-1970), the country realized the need to address the tensions across its various regions. Thus, graduates from universities and polytechnic schools were required to participate in a year-long mandatory service called <em>National Service Year<\/em>. It often involved teaching in schools in regions different from one\u2019s own. The program has been useful in fostering national unity and integration through intermarriages and appreciation of the cultural diversity of Nigeria. Journalists have contributed to the popularization of the Hausa phrase <em>yi wa \u0199asa hidima<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"exercises\">Exercises:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"#comprehension\">Comprehension<\/a> || <a href=\"#writing\">Writing<\/a> || <a href=\"#listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/a> || <a href=\"#cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/a> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"comprehension\">Comprehension: Video<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_539602df45514a6fa791e828bf110d61\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_ac569ca764e846b1b2dfb72514b62226\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_6e58597dc17e4e8d8cfcb0d0f92fd280\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_b15e58bcf32c4d07be87f7d19740aa09\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_bda781a6520d4f6097ffe18e3e112885\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_99e14e8562044a8a98ba2494b29b82c9\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h4>Comprehension: Image<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_2e0b21ab847746da9dbab2f02b35b744\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9f53d1bcaa4247dd845644d08daac750\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" id=\"wider-question\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><div id=\"bulb_question_ebf1e084ba944922ad467725fe9b7113\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_3a07f782dd7c44aabede82a17ae4f28c\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_a1b74e49f9dc42feb5294296ab036f88\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9fcb079f4d18420182b8412d4987a419\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"writing\">Writing<\/h4>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",o):document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook(\"action\",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook(\"filter\",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook(\"action\",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook(\"filter\",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook(\"action\",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook(\"filter\",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+\"_\"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),\"filter\"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}});<\/script>\n                <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n                        <div class='gform_heading'>\n                            <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_17'  action='\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/455' data-formid='17' >\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_17' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><fieldset id=\"field_17_4\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_4\"><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex'  >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_17_4'>Please enter the name that should be associated with your answers.<\/div><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_17_4'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_17_4_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.3' id='input_17_4_3' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_17_4_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_17_4_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.6' id='input_17_4_6' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_17_4_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_17_2\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_2\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_2' >Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_17_2'>Please enter the email address to which you'd like your responses sent. Please notify the recipient(s) that you have submitted these exercises, as the submission could go to their spam folder.<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_2' id='input_17_2' type='text' value='' class='large'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_17_2\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_5\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_5\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_5' >Additional Email<\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_17_5'>[If you'd like your responses sent to another email address as well, please enter it here.]<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_5' id='input_17_5' type='text' value='' class='large'     aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_17_5\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_26\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_26\">For exercises 1-6 below, open the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-keyboard\/\">Hausa Ajami keyboard<\/a>, type text, and copy-paste it into the box.<\/div><div id=\"field_17_20\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_20\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_20' >1. Rubuta kuma ka\/ki karanta sunyaen kakanninka\/ki na wurin mahaifi guda biyar da kuma sunyaen kakanninka\/ki guda biyar na wurin mahaifiya. Yi bayanin wa ya\/ta haifi wa?<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_20' id='input_17_20' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_21\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_21\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_21' >2. Me ake nufi da tarihi?<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_21' id='input_17_21' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_22\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_22\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_22' >3. Yi bayani a rubuce yadda ake buki na ibada duk shekara a addininka\/ki. Misali Sallar Idi ko Bukin Kirsimeti.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_22' id='input_17_22' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_23\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_23\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_23' >4. Rubuta yadda ka\/ki ka yi bukin zagayowar ranar haihuwarka\/ki na kwana-kwanan nan.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_23' id='input_17_23' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_24\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_24\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_24' >5. Rubuta bayani a kan gidan adana kayan tarihi na garinku.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_24' id='input_17_24' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_25\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_25\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_25' >6. Rubuta bayani a kan gidan ajiye dabbobi wato na garinku.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_25' id='input_17_25' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_27\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_27\"><i>Disclaimer: By completing these online exercises, I agree to share my name and contact information with the email recipient(s) I have indicated. Boston University takes no responsibility for the use of the submitted information. A copy of all submitted information may be retained on Boston University\u2019s servers upon submission.<\/i><\/div><div id=\"field_17_28\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-section gsection bu_google_recaptcha_section field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_28\"><h3 class=\"gsection_title\"><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"field_17_29\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html bu_google_recaptcha gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_17_29\"><div class=\"g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6LeGxkEjAAAAAK4nzHZn3a_6jB2ELSN935WrVBfC\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_17' class='gform_button button' value='Submit'  onclick='if(window[\"gf_submitting_17\"]){return false;}  window[\"gf_submitting_17\"]=true;  ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window[\"gf_submitting_17\"]){return false;} window[\"gf_submitting_17\"]=true;  jQuery(\"#gform_17\").trigger(\"submit\",[true]); }' \/> \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_17' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='17' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_17' value='WyJbXSIsImQ5Y2U2OGUxNzE1OTZlYjZkN2E4MzI4YmJhNDVlODY3Il0=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\ngform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 17, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_17').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_17');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_17').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { \/* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome *\/  }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_17').val();gformInitSpinner( 17, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [17, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_17'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_17').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [17]);window['gf_submitting_17'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_17').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_17').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [17, current_page]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform\/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 17, currentPage: current_page } });} );} );\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Mutane biyu su tsaya a matsayin \u0257aya \u0257an jarida ne, shi kuma \u0257ayan a matsayin malamin makaranta. Wanda ya tsaya a matsayin \u0257an jaridar ya ri\u0199a tambayar wanda ya tsaya a matsayin malamin makarantar; suna hira.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Za\u0253i wani abu daga cikin faifan bidiyon, sai ka\/ki kamanta shi da na garinku ko al\u2019umarku. Rubuta kamanceceniya da bambancin tsakanin su.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:88px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metadata TitleConversation with Dr. Mustapha Hashim KurfiInterviewerMalam Muhammad Fu\u2019adSubjectHis life story, works on Hausa Ajami, and signage, posters, and billboards in Hausa AjamiContentDr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi was born in Kaduna to the families of Alhaji Hashim Khalid and Hajiya Khadija Ma\u2019ruf. He has&nbsp;two&nbsp;Masters degrees: MSc. Sociology from Bayero University, Kano, and an M.A. in International [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12660,"featured_media":0,"parent":30,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/455"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12660"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=455"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2028,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/455\/revisions\/2028"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}