{"id":453,"date":"2021-04-09T10:49:55","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T14:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/?page_id=453"},"modified":"2025-01-22T09:01:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T14:01:55","slug":"hausa-unit-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 2: Dr. Muhammad Abdullahi Ibrahim"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"574\" src=\"\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-2-Main-Image-1024x574.png\" alt=\"Dr. Muhammad Abdullahi\" class=\"wp-image-912\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-2-Main-Image-1024x574.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-2-Main-Image-636x356.png 636w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-2-Main-Image-768x430.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-2-Main-Image.png 1074w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#videos\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Videos<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#community-images\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Community Images<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#pedagogical-activities\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Pedagogical Activities<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Metadata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Title<\/td><td>Conversation with Dr. Muhammad Abdullahi Ibrahim<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interviewer<\/td><td>Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subject<\/td><td>His biography, history of Ajami in Hausaland, economy and its intersections with Ajami, postcolonial transformations.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Content<\/td><td>Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim Sulaiman is popularly known as Dr. Shamsu. He is Assistant Professor of Economics in the Department of Sociology at Bayero University; holds a Master\u2019s degree from International Islamic University, Malaysia; and a PhD. in Economics from Bayero University. Married with two children, Dr. Shamsu has traveled widely, especially in Africa and in the Arab world.&nbsp;<br><br>Dr. Shamsu hails from a cleric family that runs a <em>madrasa, <\/em>and his parents introduced him to the traditional Qur\u2019anic education system at an early age. His uncle, Sheikh Ahmad Ridwan Darma, is a renowned Islamic scholar who oversees the Islamic school in the city of Kano. Despite his many academic and personal obligations, Dr. Shamsu still creates time to teach in the <em>madrasa<\/em>, thereby giving back to his school, family, and community. In the interview, he cites some of his favorite Hausa Ajami authors and poems, such as the one composed by the great Islamic scholar Sheikh Nasiru Kabara, the spiritual leader of the Qadiriyyah movement in Africa. In the video interview, Dr. Muhammad traces the history of Hausa Ajami back many centuries, before colonization. He emphasizes the role that banknotes with Hausa Ajami played in the economy, and identifies the various intersections of economic affairs with the country\u2019s history, pharmacology, education, agriculture, social relations, and politics. The interview discusses some problems surrounding the use of Hausa Ajami and ways to address these.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Language<\/td><td>Hausa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Script<\/td><td>Hausa Ajami<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>Dangote Business School, Bayero University New Site Campus, Kano, Nigeria<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pedagogical content\/application<\/td><td>Includes relevant linguistic, stylistic, and cultural skills as identified in our assessment guidebook\/ ACTFL guidelines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access condition and copyright<\/td><td>These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom (fngom@bu.edu).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contributors<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Jennifer Yanco, Mustapha Kurfi, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Alison Parker, and Frank Antonelli.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required citation information<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom (PI), Jennifer Yanco, Mustapha Kurfi, and Daivi Rodima-Taylor. 2023. \u201cConversation with Dr. Muhammad Abdullahi Ibrahim.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-2\/\">https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-2\/<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"videos\">Videos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Hausa with English Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_6h8qwuoi&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_pcheyyna\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Hausa Final Videos - Dr Muhammed Ibrahim Abdullahi (English subtiles)\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Hausa with Latin Script Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_tltm41y2&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_tdyfwexu\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Hausa Final Videos - Dr Muhammed Ibrahim Abdullahi (Hausa subtiles)\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"community-images\">Community Images<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(click on the image for a larger view)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bu-slideshow-container hausa-unit-2-community-images autoplay\" id=\"bu-slideshow-container-1577\" data-slideshow-name=\"hausa-unit-2-community-images\" data-slideshow-delay=\"5000\" style=\"width: auto; \"><div class='slideshow-loader active'><div class='loader-animation'><\/div><p>loading slideshow&#8230;<\/p><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-slides\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow transition-slide\" id=\"bu-slideshow-1577\"><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_0\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-1.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-1-636x358.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Babban Bankin Najeriya wanda yake a Babban Birnin tarayya Abuja.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe Central Bank of Nigeria located in the federal capital territory (FCT), Abuja.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_1\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-2.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-2-479x636.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Dr. Muhammad Abdullahi, malamin jami\u2019a, mai karantar da ilimin tsimi da tanadi. Yana tare da Dr. Mustapha Kurfi.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nDr. Muhammad Abdullahi, an Economics professor, poses with Dr. Mustapha Kurfi.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_2\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-3.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-3-636x356.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Dr. Muhammad yana nuna misalin ku\u0257a\u0257e wa\u0257anda saboda muhimmancin Hausa Ajami, an rubuta darajar kowanne a jikinsu cikin Hausa Ajami.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nDr. Muhammad illustrates the importance of Hausa Ajami during the colonial era when it was used as a medium of communication and to record the value of banknotes. <\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_3\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-4.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-4-636x358.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Wani sashe daga Kasuwar Kantin-kwari wacce ta shahara wurin saida kayan-sawa. Abokan ciniki na zuwa daga kowanne sashe na Najeriya da ma \u0199asashen Afirka.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA section of Kantin-kwari Market, famous for selling clothes. Customers come to this market from all over the country and from other African states.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_4\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-5.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-5-636x358.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Wasu abokan cinikayyar tumatir a cikin Kasuwar \u01b3an-kaba wacce ta shahara wurin saida kayan-gwari. Ita Kasuwar \u01b3an-kaba a garin Kano take.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nTomato sellers at the \u01b3an-kaba market famous for its groceries. The Yan-kaba market is located in the city of Kano.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_5\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-6.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-6-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Gaban wani katafaren kantin saida kaya mai la\u0199abin tsohon Sarkin Kano marigayi Ado Bayero inda makeken shagon \u201cShoprite\u201d yake. Kantin yana nan a titin Gidan Zoo na cikin garin Kano.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nFront view of a shopping complex named after the former Emir of Kano, Ado Bayero, that hosts Shoprite. The shopping mall is located on Zoo Road in Kano.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_6\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-7.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-7-636x365.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Wasu abokan cinikayya a gefen babbar kasuwar Sheikh Abubakar Gumi wacce take a jihar Kaduna.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nTraders on the roadside of Sheikh Abubakar Gumi central market located in Kaduna state.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_7\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-8.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-8-443x636.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Samfurin takardun ku\u0257in Najeriya wato Naira mai wannan alamar \u20a6. Daga sama Naira \u0257ari biyu ce; a tsakiya Naira \u0257ari biyar ce; a \u0199asa Naira dubu \u0257aya ce, wacce ita ce tafi daraja. Kowacce an rubuta darajar ta a jiki cikin Hausa Ajami da kuma Hausar boko.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA sample of the Naira currency of Nigeria symbolized by \u20a6. The bill at the top is two hundred Naira, the one at the center is one thousand Naira (the highest banknote), and the one at the bottom is five hundred Naira. The value of each bill is in Hausa Ajami and Latin script.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_8\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-9.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-9-636x479.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Fuskar gaban ginin Makarantar Kasuwanci ta \u018aangote, wacce take a Jami\u2019ar Bayero ta Kano.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe frontside of the Dangote Business School at Bayero University, Kano.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1577_9\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-10.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-2-Image-10-636x424.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Wasu abokan cinikayya suna rububin shiga kantin ShopRite don sayayya a Kano.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nCustomers rushing to shop at the ShopRite mall in Kano.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation-container\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation nav-number\" id=\"bu-slideshow-nav-1577\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-1\" class=\" active\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-2\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-3\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>3<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-4\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>4<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-5\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>5<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-6\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>6<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-7\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>7<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-8\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>8<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-9\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>9<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-10\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>10<\/span><\/a><\/li> <\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"pedagogical-activities\">Pedagogical Activities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#glossary\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Glossary<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#notes\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Notes<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#exercises\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Exercises<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-keyboard\/\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hausa Keyboard<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 id=\"glossary\">Glossary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong><strong>Asali: <\/strong><\/strong>Original, real, authentic, old<\/li><li><strong>Bashi: <\/strong>Credit, loan, debt<\/li><li><strong>Ciniki: <\/strong>Trading, bargaining; <em>cinikayya<\/em>: Commercial trade, business transactions<\/li><li><strong>Fam:<\/strong> Pound, UK currency<\/li><li><strong>Filaye: <\/strong>Land plots, from English <em>field<\/em><strong> (<\/strong>singular, <em>fili<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Harshe: <\/strong>Language, tongue<\/li><li><strong>Iyali: <\/strong>Family<\/li><li><strong>Karni: <\/strong>Century, from Arabic <em>al-qarnu<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Kasuwanci: <\/strong>Marketing, commerce, business, buying and selling<\/li><li><strong>\u0198asida: <\/strong>Poem, eulogy, pamphlet, brochure, from Arabic <em>qa\u1e63\u012bda<\/em> (plural,<em> \u0199asidu<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>\u0198ir\u0199ira: <\/strong>To establish, invent, create<\/li><li><strong>Laraba: <\/strong>Arabic<\/li><li><strong>Malami: <\/strong>Teacher, professor, mentor, educator, trainer (fem, <em>malama<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Naira:<\/strong> Nigerian unit of currency<\/li><li><strong>Riba: <\/strong>Gain, profit, benefit, illicit gain (when used in the religious context)<\/li><li><strong>Sadarwa:<\/strong> Communication, media<\/li><li><strong>Sashe:<\/strong> Department, unit, sector, facility, from English <em>section<\/em><\/li><li><strong>Sule: <\/strong>Shilling, UK currency<\/li><li><strong>Takardar kudi:<\/strong> Banknote, money<\/li><li><strong>Tattalin Arziki, tsumi da tanadi: <\/strong>Economy, economics<\/li><li><strong>Wali: <\/strong>Saint, from Arabic <em>wal\u012b <\/em>(friend of God)<\/li><li><strong>Yarejejniya: <\/strong>Agreement; consensus<\/li><li><strong>Yawo: <\/strong>To travel, move around, journey<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"notes\">Notes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Bashi hanji ne; yana cikin kowa: <\/strong>\u201cCredit or loan is like an intestine; it is found in everyone.\u201d This saying is used especially by business people. People may use it when confronted with allegations of failure to pay their debts. Sometimes, it is used in reference to nation states receiving loans from the World Bank, IMF, and so on. One of the implications of the saying is that the Hausa people prefer to be indebted than to steal or beg. Borrowing and repaying loans is seen as a better option than getting money through illegal means.<\/li><li><strong>Bun\u0199asa tattalin arzikin \u0199asa:<\/strong> \u201cDevelopment boosts a country\u2019s economy.\u201d This statement is used to describe the measures that a nation takes to foster economic development, including enhancing the gross domestic product and the human development index.<\/li><li><strong>\u018aan uwa rabin jiki: <\/strong>\u201cA sibling is part of oneself.\u201d This saying emphasizes the strong bonds that relatives need to cultivate among themselves, including their obligations of mutual care and assistance.<\/li><li><strong>Hannu \u0257aya ba ya \u0257aukar jinka: <\/strong>\u201cOne hand alone can\u2019t carry the thatch [for roofing a hut].\u201d This proverb emphasizes the importance of mutual help, unity, and solidarity between people, including between family and community members.<\/li><li><strong>Kano ce cibiyar kasuwanci ta Najeriya: <\/strong>\u201cKano is Nigeria\u2019s commercial center.\u201d Kano state has been a center of trade and commerce for centuries. It played an important role in the Trans-Saharan trade. Kano boasts a number of specialized markets. For example, Kantin Kwari Market specializes in clothing; Dawanau Market specializes in local grains and crops, including millet, sorghum, beans, and corn; while Naibawa Market specializes in oranges; Yankaba Market specializes in fruits and vegetables; and Singer Market specializes in packaged food such as sugar, milk, and canned goods.<\/li><li><strong>Kasuwa a kai maki dole:<\/strong> \u201cA market is a necessity.\u201d This statement is common among Hausa merchants and business people. It highlights the importance of markets and trade in Hausa society.<\/li><li><strong>\u0198asidar Infiraji sha-kundum ce: <\/strong>\u201cThe Infiraji poem is comprehensive.\u201d <em>Infiraji <\/em>is a popular Hausa Ajami poem by Malam Aliyu Namangi (1894-1990). The word <em>infiraji<\/em> means comfort, consolation, or salvation. The author, Malam Namangi was a blind poet, preacher, and scholar from Zaria, Kaduna State, in Northern Nigeria. Greatly influenced by asceticism and Sufism, he felt he had a duty to impart his knowledge to others through Hausa Ajami poetry. For more on him and a chanted version of the poem, see <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/nehajami\/the-four-languages\/hausa\/hausa-manuscripts\/infiraji-1-majidu\/\">https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/nehajami\/the-four-languages\/hausa\/hausa-manuscripts\/infiraji-1-majidu\/<\/a>.<\/li><li><strong>Malami mahaifi ne: <\/strong>\u201cA teacher is a parent.\u201d This saying enjoins people to respect teachers in much the same way as they respect their parents. This is because teachers have as much impact on students as their own parents do.<\/li><li><strong>Zama wuri \u0257aya bai da\u0257a komai ba: <\/strong>\u201cStaying only in one place has no value.\u201d This adage is used to highlight the importance of travel among Hausa people who are known to be great travelers, and sometimes to ridicule people who are introverts and do not want to travel to explore the world.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"exercises\">Exercises:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"#comprehension\">Comprehension<\/a> || <a href=\"#writing\">Writing<\/a> || <a href=\"#listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/a> || <a href=\"#cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/a> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"comprehension\">Comprehension: Video<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_539602df45514a6fa791e828bf110d61\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_ac569ca764e846b1b2dfb72514b62226\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_6e58597dc17e4e8d8cfcb0d0f92fd280\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_b15e58bcf32c4d07be87f7d19740aa09\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_bda781a6520d4f6097ffe18e3e112885\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_99e14e8562044a8a98ba2494b29b82c9\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h4>Comprehension: Image<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_2e0b21ab847746da9dbab2f02b35b744\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9f53d1bcaa4247dd845644d08daac750\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" id=\"wider-question\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><div id=\"bulb_question_ebf1e084ba944922ad467725fe9b7113\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_3a07f782dd7c44aabede82a17ae4f28c\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_a1b74e49f9dc42feb5294296ab036f88\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9fcb079f4d18420182b8412d4987a419\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"writing\">Writing<\/h4>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",o):document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook(\"action\",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook(\"filter\",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook(\"action\",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook(\"filter\",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook(\"action\",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook(\"filter\",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+\"_\"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),\"filter\"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}});<\/script>\n                <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_13' >\n                        <div class='gform_heading'>\n                            <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_13'  action='\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/453' data-formid='13' >\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_13' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><fieldset id=\"field_13_4\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_4\"><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex'  >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_13_4'>Please enter the name that should be associated with your answers.<\/div><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_13_4'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_13_4_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.3' id='input_13_4_3' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_13_4_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_13_4_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.6' id='input_13_4_6' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_13_4_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_13_2\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_2\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_13_2' >Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_13_2'>Please enter the email address to which you'd like your responses sent. Please notify the recipient(s) that you have submitted these exercises, as the submission could go to their spam folder.<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_2' id='input_13_2' type='text' value='' class='large'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_13_2\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_13_5\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_5\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_13_5' >Additional Email<\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_13_5'>[If you'd like your responses sent to another email address as well, please enter it here.]<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_5' id='input_13_5' type='text' value='' class='large'     aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_13_5\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_13_26\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_26\">For exercises 1-6 below, open the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-keyboard\/\">Hausa Ajami keyboard<\/a>, type text, and copy-paste it into the box.<\/div><div id=\"field_13_20\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_20\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_13_20' >1. Rubuta a ta\u0199aice asalin Hausa Ajami.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_20' id='input_13_20' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_13_21\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_21\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_13_21' >2. Me ka\/kika fahimta da tattalin arziki?<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_21' id='input_13_21' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_13_22\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_22\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_13_22' >3. Rubuta yadda ake kasuwanci a garinku.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_22' id='input_13_22' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_13_23\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_23\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_13_23' >4. Ka\/ki rubuta abubuwan da za ka\/ki saya a kasuwa gobe.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_23' id='input_13_23' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_13_24\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_24\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_13_24' >5. Yi bayani game da yadda \u0257an kasuwa zai iya cin riba a kasuwancin sa.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_24' id='input_13_24' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_13_25\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_25\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_13_25' >6. Ka\/ki \u0257auki takardar ku\u0257in \u0199asarku, sai ka\/ki \u0257auki takardar ku\u0257in wata \u0199asa, sai ka\/ki kamanta su, ka\/ki rubuta kamanni da bambancin da ke tsakaninsu.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_25' id='input_13_25' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_13_27\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_27\"><i>Disclaimer: By completing these online exercises, I agree to share my name and contact information with the email recipient(s) I have indicated. Boston University takes no responsibility for the use of the submitted information. A copy of all submitted information may be retained on Boston University\u2019s servers upon submission.<\/i><\/div><div id=\"field_13_28\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-section gsection bu_google_recaptcha_section field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_28\"><h3 class=\"gsection_title\"><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"field_13_29\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html bu_google_recaptcha gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_13_29\"><div class=\"g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6LeGxkEjAAAAAK4nzHZn3a_6jB2ELSN935WrVBfC\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_13' class='gform_button button' value='Submit'  onclick='if(window[\"gf_submitting_13\"]){return false;}  window[\"gf_submitting_13\"]=true;  ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window[\"gf_submitting_13\"]){return false;} window[\"gf_submitting_13\"]=true;  jQuery(\"#gform_13\").trigger(\"submit\",[true]); }' \/> \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_13' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='13' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_13' value='WyJbXSIsImQ5Y2U2OGUxNzE1OTZlYjZkN2E4MzI4YmJhNDVlODY3Il0=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_13' id='gform_target_page_number_13' value='0' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_13' id='gform_source_page_number_13' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\ngform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 13, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_13').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_13');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_13').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_13').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_13').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_13').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { \/* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome *\/  }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_13').val();gformInitSpinner( 13, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [13, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_13'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_13').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [13]);window['gf_submitting_13'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_13').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_13').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [13, current_page]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform\/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 13, currentPage: current_page } });} );} );\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Mutane biyu su tsaya a matsayin \u0257aya mai saida kaya, \u0257ayan kuma mai saye. Sai su yi gaisuwa tare da ciniki a tsakanninsu. Suna iya rubuta hirar tasu don su karanta.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>A za\u0253i wani abu daga cikin faifan bidiyon, sai a kamanta shi da na garinku ko al\u2019umar ku. A rubuta kamanninsu da bambancin tsakanin su.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:88px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metadata TitleConversation with Dr. Muhammad Abdullahi IbrahimInterviewerDr. Mustapha Hashim KurfiSubjectHis biography, history of Ajami in Hausaland, economy and its intersections with Ajami, postcolonial transformations.&nbsp;ContentDr. Muhammad Ibrahim Sulaiman is popularly known as Dr. Shamsu. He is Assistant Professor of Economics in the Department of Sociology at Bayero University; holds a Master\u2019s degree from International Islamic University, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12660,"featured_media":0,"parent":30,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/453"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12660"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=453"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/453\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2024,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/453\/revisions\/2024"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}