{"id":449,"date":"2021-04-09T10:48:05","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T14:48:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/?page_id=449"},"modified":"2025-01-22T08:12:36","modified_gmt":"2025-01-22T13:12:36","slug":"hausa-unit-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Unit 1: Malam Salihu Sulaiman"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-1-Main-Image-1024x575.png\" alt=\"Malam Salihu Sulaiman\" class=\"wp-image-913\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-1-Main-Image-1024x575.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-1-Main-Image-636x357.png 636w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-1-Main-Image-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/files\/2023\/08\/Hausa-Unit-1-Main-Image.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#videos\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Videos<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#community-images\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Community Images<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#pedagogical-activities\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Pedagogical Activities<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Metadata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Title<\/td><td>Conversation with Malam Salihu Sulaiman<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interviewer<\/td><td>Mohammed Bara\u2019u Musa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subject<\/td><td>Short biography of Malam Salihu Sulaiman; discussion of Hausa Ajami manuscripts on agriculture, horticulture, and animal husbandry. Malam Salihu also talks about how useful Ajami has been in the development of agriculture and the economy at large and how to revive its use.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Content<\/td><td>Malam Salihu Sulaiman is a 30-year old Hausa man born in Samaru, Zaria. He is married with a son and is an alumnus of Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria where he currently serves as a librarian. He is currently enrolled in a Master\u2019s program in Library and Information Sciences at the same university. Many of the manuscripts that Malam Salihu showed the research team were either in Arabic or Hausa Ajami. He himself is an Ajamist and a librarian, which made it easy for him to identify the ones we were interested in. In the interview, Malam Salihu explains the critical role that Hausa Ajami manuscripts have played, especially in the preservation and development of agriculture and the economy, over some hundreds of years. He further highlighted the place of Ajami in the people\u2019s history, culture, and civilization. He also noted the challenges that led to the dwindling use of Hausa Ajami in agriculture and suggested a way forward.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Language<\/td><td>Hausa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Script<\/td><td>Hausa Ajami<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>College of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, Kaduna State<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pedagogical content\/application<\/td><td>Includes relevant linguistic, stylistic, and cultural skills as identified in our assessment guidebook\/ ACTFL guidelines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access condition and copyright<\/td><td>These materials are subject to copyright and are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For use, distribution or reproduction beyond these terms, contact Professor Fallou Ngom (fngom@bu.edu).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contributors<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom, Jennifer Yanco, Mustapha Kurfi, Daivi Rodima-Taylor, Alison Parker, and Frank Antonelli.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required citation information<\/td><td>Fallou Ngom (PI), Jennifer Yanco, Mustapha Kurfi, and Daivi Rodima-Taylor. 2023. \u201cConversation with Malam Salihu Sulaiman.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-1\/\">https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-unit-1\/<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"videos\">Videos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Hausa with English Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_h9za52j0&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_0zalwcn8\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Hausa Final Videos - Salihu Sulaiman (English subtiles)\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Hausa with Latin Script Subtitles<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<center><div style=\"max-width:608px\"><div style=\"position:relative;padding-bottom:66.118421052632%\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2159741\/sp\/215974100\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/49950923\/partner_id\/2159741?iframeembed=true&amp;playerId=kaltura_player&amp;entry_id=1_zb6uoab1&amp;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&amp;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&amp;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&amp;&amp;wid=1_hx3f0g7w\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" mozallowfullscreen=\"\" allow=\"autoplay *; fullscreen *; encrypted-media *\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\" title=\"RIA Ajami - Hausa Final Videos - Salihu Sulaiman (Hausa subtiles)\" style=\"position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%\"><\/iframe><\/div><\/div><\/center>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"community-images\">Community Images<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(click on the image for a larger view)<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"bu-slideshow-container hausa-unit-1-community-images autoplay\" id=\"bu-slideshow-container-1565\" data-slideshow-name=\"hausa-unit-1-community-images\" data-slideshow-delay=\"5000\" style=\"width: auto; \"><div class='slideshow-loader active'><div class='loader-animation'><\/div><p>loading slideshow&#8230;<\/p><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-slides\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow transition-slide\" id=\"bu-slideshow-1565\"><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_0\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-1.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-1-636x477.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Tawagar masu bincike akan Hausa Ajami akan harkokin noma na Najeriya lokacin gudanarda aiki. Dukkansu masana Hausa Ajami kuma masu amfani da shi.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe Nigerian Hausa Ajami in Agriculture Research Team on duty. All of them are Hausa Ajami specialists.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_1\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-2.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-2-465x636.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Fastar bada shawara ga manona kan su ri\u0199a noma gya\u0257a mai inganci domin bun\u0199asa arzikinsu.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA promotional poster advising farmers to plant quality groundnut seed in order to boost their wealth. Source: Agricultural Extension and Research Services (Ahmadu Bello University).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_2\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-3.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-3-636x266.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>\u0198ofar doka \u0257aya daga cikin \u0199ofofin shiga Birnin Zazzau (Zaria), garinda cibiyar bincike akan dabarun noma take, cikin Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nOne of the main gates to Zaria where the Institute of Agricultural Research is located in Kaduna State, Nigeria.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_3\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-4.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-4-636x315.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Fadar Mai Martaba Sarkin Zazzau (Masaukin Cibiyar Bincike akan Dabarun Noma).<\/i>\r\n||\r\nPalace of His Royal Highness, the Emir of Zaria (the town where the Institute of Agricultural Research is located).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_4\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-5.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-5-636x421.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Malam Sulaiman Zakariya\u2019u, shi ne tsanin mu zuwa ga Cibiyar Bincike akan Dabarun Noma ta Jami\u2019ar yayin da yayi tsaye don yin hoto a cikin babban Masallacin Cibiyar a Zariya.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nMalam Sulaiman Zakariya\u2019u of the RIA research team at the Central Mosque of the Institute of Agricultural Research at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_5\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-6.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-6-636x605.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Tawagar masu bincike akan Hausa Ajami bisa harkokin noma suna kan wata taraktar noma a cikin Cibiyar ta Bincike.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nThe Nigerian Hausa Ajami research team on Agriculture pose for a picture on a tractor at the Institute.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_6\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-top-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-7.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-7-468x636.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-top-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Fastar bada shawara ga manona kan su ri\u0199a noma ri\u0257i. An rubua cikin Hausa Ajami \u201cKyautata noman ri\u0257i. Yi girbi cikin lokaci.\u201d<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA promotional poster advising farmers to plant sesame. It says in Hausa Ajami: \u201cMake sure you engage in planting sesame. Cultivate at the right time.\u201d Source: Agricultural Extension and Research Services (Ahmadu Bello University).<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_7\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-center\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-8.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-8-636x357.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-center\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Wani matashin makiyayi ya yinda yake kiwon shanu a Yola, jihar Adamawa a Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nA young nomad herding cattle in Yola, Adamawa State, northeastern Nigeria<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_8\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-left\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-9.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-9-636x477.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-left\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Daya daga cikin kofofin shiga Cibiyar Bincike akan Dabarun Noma na Jami\u2019ar Ahmadu Bello wacce ke a Zariya cikin Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nOne of the main gates to the Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria in Kaduna State, Nigeria.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><li id=\"bu-slideshow-1565_9\" class=\"slide \"><div class=\"bu-slide-container slide-caption-bottom-right\"><a href=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-10.jpg\"><img src=\"\/ria\/files\/2024\/07\/Hausa-1-Image-10-636x406.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><div class=\"bu-slide-caption caption-bottom-right\"><p class=\"bu-slide-caption-text\"><i>Wani allon alama na Cibiyar Bincike akan Dabarun Noma na Jami\u2019ar Ahmadu Bello wacce ke a Zariya cikin Jihar Kaduna, Najeriya.<\/i>\r\n||\r\nOne of the signboards of the Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation-container\"><ul class=\"bu-slideshow-navigation nav-number\" id=\"bu-slideshow-nav-1565\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-1\" class=\" active\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>1<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-2\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>2<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-3\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>3<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-4\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>4<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-5\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>5<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-6\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>6<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-7\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>7<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-8\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>8<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-9\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>9<\/span><\/a><\/li> <li><a href=\"#\" id=\"pager-10\" class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span>10<\/span><\/a><\/li> <\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center\" id=\"pedagogical-activities\">Pedagogical Activities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons aligncenter\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#glossary\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Glossary<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#notes\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Notes<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#exercises\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\">Exercises<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-keyboard\/\" style=\"background-color:#b76e8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hausa Keyboard<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 id=\"glossary\">Glossary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong><strong>Albasa:<\/strong><\/strong> Onions<\/li><li><strong>Bayai:<\/strong> Information, news, details<\/li><li><strong>Ciyawa: <\/strong>Weed, unwanted grass<\/li><li><strong>Dabaru:<\/strong> Techniques, strategies (singular: <em>dabara<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Dabarun noma:<\/strong> Farming techniques, methods<\/li><li><strong>Damuna:<\/strong> Rainy season, wet season, spring<\/li><li><strong>Dawa: <\/strong>Sorghum<\/li><li><strong>Feshi:<\/strong> Spray<\/li><li><strong>Gona: <\/strong>Farm<\/li><li><strong>Gudumawa: <\/strong>Contribution, assistance, help<\/li><li><strong>Ha\u0253aka: <\/strong>To improve, enhance, boost, help, revamp<\/li><li><strong>\u0198ara wa juna sani: <\/strong>Conference, seminar, workshop<\/li><li><strong>Manoma: <\/strong>Farmers (singular, <em>manomi<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Masara:<\/strong> Maize, corn<\/li><li><strong>Muhimmanci:<\/strong> Importance, significance, vitality<\/li><li><strong>Rani: <\/strong>Dry season, summer<\/li><li><strong>Shawarwari: <\/strong>Bits of advice (singular, <em>shawara<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Takardu:<\/strong> Documents, papers (singular, <em>takarda<\/em>)<\/li><li><strong>Taki:<\/strong> Fertilizer, manure<\/li><li><strong>Taron \u0199ara wa juna sani:<\/strong> A seminar, workshop, or conference where people share important ideas<\/li><li><strong>Tasiri:<\/strong> Impact, influence, power, effect<\/li><li><strong>Tawaga:<\/strong> Delegation, team<\/li><li><strong>Tsani: <\/strong>Intermediary, gatekeeper; also ladder or scaffold<\/li><li><strong>Wake:<\/strong> Beans<\/li><li><strong>Zamani:<\/strong> Contemporary, civilized, modern<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"notes\">Notes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><strong>Albasa ba ta yi halin ruwa ba: <\/strong>\u201cAn onion does not take on the character of&nbsp; water.\u201d This proverb is used when talking about someone who is from a good family or well raised but deviates from societal norms and expectations. An example would be the son of a religious cleric who is an open sinner or a criminal. The onion is used as a metaphor because an onion is very strong. No amount of watering will change that; it remains an onion and will not take on the qualities of the water.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Ci-rani: <\/strong>Dry season hassles. It refers to the period when farmers leave their homes and head for other locations, usually in the city, in search of short-term employment instead of staying back home jobless. After this dry season period, they return to their homes to farm during the rainy season.<\/li><li><strong>Ciyawa ba ta kada wasu sai yarya\u0257i:<\/strong> \u201cAll that glitters is not gold.\u201d The saying implies that appearances can be deceptive, and not everything is valuable that looks valuable or shiny on the surface.<\/li><li><strong>Damuna uwar albarka:<\/strong> \u201cThe rainy season is the mother of generosity.\u201d Although the statement sounds specific to the rainy season, it is a Hausa idiom used to praise people who are kind to others. Because the rainy season brings much joy for rural Hausa people, it is used as a metaphor for generous people. Most marriages, especially in rural areas, occur during or immediately after the rainy season (<em>damuna<\/em>).&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Gudumawa da\u0257i gare ta: <\/strong>\u201cContributions, gifts, help and donations are pleasing and consoling.\u201d This is an adage that is used to express a mood or feeling of gratitude, especially during an event, ceremony, or festivity. It is a tradition of the Hausa people to give gifts, donations, contributions, or assistance to people, particularly during emergencies such as accidents, floods, fire outbreaks; and at births, marriages, naming ceremonies, and so on.<\/li><li><strong>Noma ba taki wahala ne:<\/strong> \u201cFarming without fertilizer is trouble.\u201d This is an adage that farmers use to express their appreciation of modern farming techniques, including adopting fertilizers. It is evident that those who use fertilizer achieve better yields than those who do not.<\/li><li><strong>Noma na du\u0199e tsohon ciniki: Duk wanda ya zauna duniya, kai ya tarar: <\/strong>\u201cFarming is the oldest of professions: Everyone who lives on earth is connected with it.\u201d This saying conveys three points: farming is not for lazy people; farming is not a new activity despite the fact that it has been modernized; and Hausa people are proud to be associated with farming as a profession.<\/li><li><strong>Takin zamani na feshi ya fi: <\/strong>\u201cSpray fertilizer is superior to others.\u201d This statement is common among farmers who use the modern farming technique of spray fertilizers. This is a statement that compares modern farming techniques such as spray fertilizers to traditional manure fertilizers and other types.<\/li><li><strong>Zamani kowa da na shi: <\/strong>\u201cEveryone has his reign.\u201d This&nbsp; means that nothing lasts forever: neither one\u2019s position nor one\u2019s rank. It also refers to the fact&nbsp; that each regime comes with its policies, which will not last forever.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"exercises\">Exercises:<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"has-very-dark-gray-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"#comprehension\">Comprehension<\/a> || <a href=\"#writing\">Writing<\/a> || <a href=\"#listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/a> || <a href=\"#cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/a> <\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"comprehension\">Comprehension: Video<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_539602df45514a6fa791e828bf110d61\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_ac569ca764e846b1b2dfb72514b62226\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_6e58597dc17e4e8d8cfcb0d0f92fd280\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_b15e58bcf32c4d07be87f7d19740aa09\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_bda781a6520d4f6097ffe18e3e112885\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_99e14e8562044a8a98ba2494b29b82c9\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<h4>Comprehension: Image<\/h4>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_2e0b21ab847746da9dbab2f02b35b744\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9f53d1bcaa4247dd845644d08daac750\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" id=\"wider-question\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><div id=\"bulb_question_ebf1e084ba944922ad467725fe9b7113\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_3a07f782dd7c44aabede82a17ae4f28c\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_a1b74e49f9dc42feb5294296ab036f88\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n<div id=\"bulb_question_9fcb079f4d18420182b8412d4987a419\" class=\"bulb-question\" style=\"background-color:;color:;font-size:px;\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"writing\">Writing<\/h4>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">var gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?o():!gform.domLoaded&&gform.scriptsLoaded?window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",o):document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",o)},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook(\"action\",o,n,r,t)},addFilter:function(o,n,r,t){gform.addHook(\"filter\",o,n,r,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook(\"action\",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook(\"filter\",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,n){gform.removeHook(\"action\",o,n)},removeFilter:function(o,n,r){gform.removeHook(\"filter\",o,n,r)},addHook:function(o,n,r,t,i){null==gform.hooks[o][n]&&(gform.hooks[o][n]=[]);var e=gform.hooks[o][n];null==i&&(i=n+\"_\"+e.length),gform.hooks[o][n].push({tag:i,callable:r,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(n,o,r){var t;if(r=Array.prototype.slice.call(r,1),null!=gform.hooks[n][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[n][o]).sort(function(o,n){return o.priority-n.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==n?t.apply(null,r):r[0]=t.apply(null,r)})),\"filter\"==n)return r[0]},removeHook:function(o,n,t,i){var r;null!=gform.hooks[o][n]&&(r=(r=gform.hooks[o][n]).filter(function(o,n,r){return!!(null!=i&&i!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][n]=r)}});<\/script>\n                <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_12' >\n                        <div class='gform_heading'>\n                            <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_12'  action='\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/449' data-formid='12' >\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_12' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below'><fieldset id=\"field_12_4\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_4\"><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex'  >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_12_4'>Please enter the name that should be associated with your answers.<\/div><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_12_4'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_12_4_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.3' id='input_12_4_3' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_12_4_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_12_4_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_4.6' id='input_12_4_6' value=''   aria-required='true'     \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_12_4_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub '>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_12_2\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_2\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_12_2' >Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_text\">(Required)<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_12_2'>Please enter the email address to which you'd like your responses sent. Please notify the recipient(s) that you have submitted these exercises, as the submission could go to their spam folder.<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_2' id='input_12_2' type='text' value='' class='large'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_12_2\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_12_5\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_above gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_5\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_12_5' >Additional Email<\/label><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_12_5'>[If you'd like your responses sent to another email address as well, please enter it here.]<\/div><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_5' id='input_12_5' type='text' value='' class='large'     aria-invalid=\"false\" aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_12_5\" \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_12_26\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_26\">For exercises 1-6 below, open the <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/hausa\/hausa-keyboard\/\">Hausa Ajami keyboard<\/a>, type text, and copy-paste it into the box.<\/div><div id=\"field_12_20\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_20\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_12_20' >1. Yi amfani da sunayen tsirrai irin su wake guda shida (6), kowanne a cikin cikakkiar jumla.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_20' id='input_12_20' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_12_21\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_21\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_12_21' >2. Lissafa matsalolin noma da kiwo guda biyar (5), ka\/kina mai yin bayani a kan kowanne.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_21' id='input_12_21' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_12_22\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_22\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_12_22' >3. Rubuta hanyoyin da za a bi a magance matsalolin noma da kiwo wa\u0257an da ka\/kika lissafa a sama.<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_22' id='input_12_22' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_12_23\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_23\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_12_23' >4. Me ka\/kika sani game da noman rani?<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_23' id='input_12_23' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_12_24\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_24\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_12_24' >5. Rubuta gamsasshen bayani game da kiwon kifi?<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_24' id='input_12_24' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_12_25\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-textarea field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_25\"><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_12_25' >6. Rubuta gamsasshen bayani game da kiwon kaji?<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_textarea'><textarea name='input_25' id='input_12_25' class='textarea small'      aria-invalid=\"false\"   rows='10' cols='50'><\/textarea><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_12_27\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_27\"><i>Disclaimer: By completing these online exercises, I agree to share my name and contact information with the email recipient(s) I have indicated. Boston University takes no responsibility for the use of the submitted information. A copy of all submitted information may be retained on Boston University\u2019s servers upon submission.<\/i><\/div><div id=\"field_12_28\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-section gsection bu_google_recaptcha_section field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_28\"><h3 class=\"gsection_title\"><\/h3><\/div><div id=\"field_12_29\"  class=\"gfield gfield--type-html bu_google_recaptcha gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  data-js-reload=\"field_12_29\"><div class=\"g-recaptcha\" data-sitekey=\"6LeGxkEjAAAAAK4nzHZn3a_6jB2ELSN935WrVBfC\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <div class='gform_footer top_label'> <input type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_12' class='gform_button button' value='Submit'  onclick='if(window[\"gf_submitting_12\"]){return false;}  window[\"gf_submitting_12\"]=true;  ' onkeypress='if( event.keyCode == 13 ){ if(window[\"gf_submitting_12\"]){return false;} window[\"gf_submitting_12\"]=true;  jQuery(\"#gform_12\").trigger(\"submit\",[true]); }' \/> \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_12' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='12' \/>\n            \n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_unique_id' value='' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='state_12' value='WyJbXSIsImQ5Y2U2OGUxNzE1OTZlYjZkN2E4MzI4YmJhNDVlODY3Il0=' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_12' id='gform_target_page_number_12' value='0' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_12' id='gform_source_page_number_12' value='1' \/>\n            <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n            \n        <\/div>\n                        <\/form>\n                        <\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\ngform.initializeOnLoaded( function() {gformInitSpinner( 12, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery('#gform_ajax_frame_12').on('load',function(){var contents = jQuery(this).contents().find('*').html();var is_postback = contents.indexOf('GF_AJAX_POSTBACK') >= 0;if(!is_postback){return;}var form_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_wrapper_12');var is_confirmation = jQuery(this).contents().find('#gform_confirmation_wrapper_12').length > 0;var is_redirect = contents.indexOf('gformRedirect(){') >= 0;var is_form = form_content.length > 0 && ! is_redirect && ! is_confirmation;var mt = parseInt(jQuery('html').css('margin-top'), 10) + parseInt(jQuery('body').css('margin-top'), 10) + 100;if(is_form){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_12').html(form_content.html());if(form_content.hasClass('gform_validation_error')){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_12').addClass('gform_validation_error');} else {jQuery('#gform_wrapper_12').removeClass('gform_validation_error');}setTimeout( function() { \/* delay the scroll by 50 milliseconds to fix a bug in chrome *\/  }, 50 );if(window['gformInitDatepicker']) {gformInitDatepicker();}if(window['gformInitPriceFields']) {gformInitPriceFields();}var current_page = jQuery('#gform_source_page_number_12').val();gformInitSpinner( 12, 'https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-content\/plugins\/gravityforms\/images\/spinner.svg', true );jQuery(document).trigger('gform_page_loaded', [12, current_page]);window['gf_submitting_12'] = false;}else if(!is_redirect){var confirmation_content = jQuery(this).contents().find('.GF_AJAX_POSTBACK').html();if(!confirmation_content){confirmation_content = contents;}setTimeout(function(){jQuery('#gform_wrapper_12').replaceWith(confirmation_content);jQuery(document).trigger('gform_confirmation_loaded', [12]);window['gf_submitting_12'] = false;wp.a11y.speak(jQuery('#gform_confirmation_message_12').text());}, 50);}else{jQuery('#gform_12').append(contents);if(window['gformRedirect']) {gformRedirect();}}jQuery(document).trigger('gform_post_render', [12, current_page]);gform.utils.trigger({ event: 'gform\/postRender', native: false, data: { formId: 12, currentPage: current_page } });} );} );\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"listening-speaking\">Listening \/ Speaking and Conversation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Rubuta tambayoyin guda shida (6), ka\/kina mai amfani da wandannan kalmomi: Dawa, Wake, Albasa, Masara, Manoma, Dabaru.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"cultural-competence\">Cultural Competence<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Za\u0253i wani abu daga faifan bidiyon, rubuta kwatankwacinsu a al\u2019umarka\/ki. Rubuta abubuwa da suka yi kama da juna da wandanda suka bambanta.<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:88px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Metadata TitleConversation with Malam Salihu SulaimanInterviewerMohammed Bara\u2019u MusaSubjectShort biography of Malam Salihu Sulaiman; discussion of Hausa Ajami manuscripts on agriculture, horticulture, and animal husbandry. Malam Salihu also talks about how useful Ajami has been in the development of agriculture and the economy at large and how to revive its use.ContentMalam Salihu Sulaiman is a 30-year [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12660,"featured_media":0,"parent":30,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/449"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12660"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=449"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2023,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/449\/revisions\/2023"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/30"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ria\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=449"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}