{"id":54,"date":"2021-07-13T13:44:09","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T17:44:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/?page_id=54"},"modified":"2026-04-02T10:29:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T14:29:07","slug":"publications","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/publications\/","title":{"rendered":"Publications"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/LEOS_cover_HOM_june2009.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-191\" width=\"120\" height=\"160\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/optica-492x636.jpg\" alt=\"Optica cover page feature\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-188\" width=\"124\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/optica-492x636.jpg 492w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/optica.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 124px) 100vw, 124px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-prj-7-1-466x636.jpg\" alt=\"Photonics Research cover page feature\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-190\" width=\"117\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-prj-7-1-466x636.jpg 466w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-prj-7-1-750x1024.jpg 750w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-prj-7-1-768x1049.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-prj-7-1-1125x1536.jpg 1125w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-prj-7-1.jpg 1259w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 117px) 100vw, 117px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-optica-6-3-491x636.jpg\" alt=\"Optica cover page feature\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-189\" width=\"124\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-optica-6-3-491x636.jpg 491w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-optica-6-3-791x1024.jpg 791w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-optica-6-3-768x994.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-optica-6-3-1187x1536.jpg 1187w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2021\/07\/cover-optica-6-3.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 124px) 100vw, 124px\" \/><em><span><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2022\/05\/JBO-27-5-cover-491x636.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-784\" width=\"124\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2022\/05\/JBO-27-5-cover-491x636.jpg 491w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2022\/05\/JBO-27-5-cover-791x1024.jpg 791w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2022\/05\/JBO-27-5-cover-768x994.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2022\/05\/JBO-27-5-cover-1187x1536.jpg 1187w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2022\/05\/JBO-27-5-cover-1583x2048.jpg 1583w, https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/files\/2022\/05\/JBO-27-5-cover-scaled.jpg 1978w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 124px) 100vw, 124px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><br style=\"clear: both;\" \/>Full publication list and citation summary available at the<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=C-yr4tcAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" target=\"http:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=C-yr4tcAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\" class=\"style25\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\">Google Scholar webpage<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<details open=\"\">\n<summary><em><u><strong>Highly Cited Papers<\/strong><\/u> (designated by Web of Science)<br \/>\n<\/em><\/summary>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"style21\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1237861\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1237861\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style79\"><u>Terabit-Scale Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing in Fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"style21\"><em>Science<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>340<\/strong>, 1545 (2013)<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"style21\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.opticsinfobase.org\/aop\/abstract.cfm?URI=aop-7-1-66\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Optical communications using orbital angular momentum beams<\/u><\/span><\/a><em><span>\u00a0<\/span>Adv. Opt. Photon.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>7<\/strong>, 66 (2015)<\/li>\n<li class=\"style21\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.34.002525\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.34.002525\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Generation and propagation of radially polarized beams in optical fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Letters<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>34<\/strong>, 2525 (2009)<\/li>\n<li class=\"style21\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/nanoph-2013-0047\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/nanoph-2013-0047\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Optical vortices in fiber<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>J. Nanophotonics<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>2<\/strong>, 455 (2013)<\/li>\n<li class=\"style21\"><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OPTICA.2.000267\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Conservation of orbital angular momentum in air-core optical fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optica<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>2<\/strong>, 267 (2015)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Journal Articles<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/summary>\n<ol class=\"style21\">\n<li><span><\/span><span>J. Liu, Z. Ma, J. Liu, J. Dong, H. Zhou, S. Mo, L. Wu, S. Li, Y. Chen, L. Rusch, S. Larochelle, S. Ramachandran, and S. Yu, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OPTICA.578977\">Optical fiber communications using orbital angular momentum modes<\/a>,&#8221; <em>Optica<\/em> <strong>13<\/strong>, 602-620 (2026)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>X. Liu, D.I. Shahar, D.B. Kim, V.O. Lorenz, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OPTICAQ.560642\">Generation and engineering of orbital angular momentum biphotons in optical fibers<\/a>,&#8221; <em>Optica Quantum<\/em> <strong>3<\/strong>, 280-288 (2025)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Aku Antikainen and Siddharth Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOSAB.542582\">Fundamental limits on fiber-based electron acceleration\u2014and how to overcome them<\/a>,&#8221; J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 42, 587-596 (2025).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>J. Demas, M. Hary, G. Genty, S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.531476\">Optimization and realignment of OAM mode excitation in ring-core optical fibers using machine learning<\/a>,\u201d <em>Optics Letters<\/em> <strong>49<\/strong>, 5003 (2024).<\/span><\/li>\n<li>L. Xiang, F. Pang, Z. Xiao, L. Zhang, H. Wei, M. Zhu, S. Ramachandran, T. Wang, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.519974\">Vibration-insensitive polarimetric fiber optic current sensor based on orbital angular momentum modes in an air-core optical fiber<\/a>,\u201d <em>Optics Letters<\/em> <strong>49<\/strong>, 1753 (2024).<\/li>\n<li><span>D. I. Shahar<span>, <\/span>H. B. Kabag\u00f6z<span>, <\/span>S. Ramachandran \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0172305\">Generation of spatial combs digitized by orbital angular momentum<\/a>,\u201d <em>APL Photonics<\/em> 1 January 2024; 9 (1): 016113.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>Wang, J. Ai, Z. Ma, S. Ramachandran, J. Wang, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.AP.5.5.056003\">Finding the superior mode basis for mode-division multiplexing: a comparison of spatial modes in air-core fiber<\/a>,\u201d <em>Advanced Photonics<\/em> <strong>5<\/strong>, 056003 (2023).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span> Liang, H. Wang, X. Zhang, J. Ai, Z. Ma, S Ramachandran, J. Wang, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.APN.2.3.036015\">Reconfigurable structured light generation and its coupling to air-core fiber,<\/a>\u201d <em>Adv. Photon. Nexus<\/em> <strong>2<\/strong>, 036015 (2023)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Z. Ma, P. Kristensen and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.add1874\">Scaling information pathways in optical fibers by topological confinement<\/a>,\u201d <strong><em>Science<\/em><\/strong> <strong>380<\/strong>, 278-282 (2023).<\/span><\/li>\n<li>A.D. White, L. Su, D.I. Shahar, K.Y. Yang, G.Ho Ahn, J.L. Skarda, S. Ramachandran, J. Vu\u010dkovi\u0107, \u201c<span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsphotonics.2c01007\">Inverse Design of Optical Vortex Beam Emitters<\/a>,\u201d <em>ACS Photonics<\/em> doi: 10.1021\/acsphotonics.2c01007 (2022).<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Z. Wan, Y. Liang, X. Zhang, Z. Tang, L. Fang, Z. Ma, S. Ramachandran, J. Wang, \u201c<span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/2022\/9839502\">Remote measurement of the angular velocity vector based on vectorial Doppler effect using air-core optical fiber<\/a>,\u201d <em>Research<\/em> <strong>2022<\/strong>, 9839502.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span> S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41566-022-01070-3\">3D-printing yields structured light<\/a>,\u201d <strong>Invited Paper<\/strong>, <em>Nat. Photon.<\/em> <strong>16<\/strong>, 618 (2022).<\/span><\/li>\n<li>A. P. Greenberg, Z. Ma, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.462677\">Angular momentum driven dynamics of stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers<\/a>,&#8221; Opt. Express 30, 29708-29721 (2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>I. Cristiani <em>et al<\/em>, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2040-8986\/ac7a48\">Roadmap on multimode photonics<\/a>,\u201d <strong>Invited Paper<\/strong>, <em> Opt.<\/em> <strong>24<\/strong>, 083001 (2022).<\/span><\/li>\n<li>X. Liu, Z. Ma, A. Antikainen, S. Ramachandran, \u201c<span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.457259\">Raman gain control in optical fibers with orbital-angular-momentum-induced chirality of light<\/a>,\u201d Opt. Express <strong>30<\/strong>, 26967-26974 (2022)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>L. Rish\u00f8j, I.C. Hern\u00e1ndez, S. Ramachandran, N. Jowett, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JBO.27.5.056501\">Multiphoton microscopy for label-free multicolor imaging of peripheral nerve<\/a>,\u201d <em>Journal of Biomedical Optics<\/em> <strong>27<\/strong>, 056501 (2022).<\/li>\n<li>A. Forbes, S. Ramachandran, and Q. Zhan, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/nanoph-2022-0035\">Photonic angular momentum: progress and perspectives<\/a>,\u201d <strong>Invited Paper<\/strong>, <em>Nanophotonics<\/em> <strong>11<\/strong>, 625 (2022).<\/li>\n<li>H. B. Kabag\u00f6z, A. Antikainen, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/5.0063447\">Passive, controllable generation of energetic multi-color pulses via spatial mode re-organizations in optical fibers<\/a>,\u201d <em>APL Photonics<\/em> <strong>6<\/strong>, 126109 (2021).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>D-R. Song, Lu Yan, Tao He, and Siddharth Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOSAB.436262\">Integrated orbital angular momentum mode generator with wide spectral tunability<\/a>,&#8221; <strong>Invited Paper<\/strong>, <em> Opt. Soc. Am. B<\/em> <strong>38<\/strong>, F186 (2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>R. Lindberg, X. Liu, A. Zukauskas, S. Ramachandran and V. Pasiskevicius, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/JOSAB.436188\">Simultaneous nonlinear wavelength and mode conversion for high-brightness blue sources<\/a>,&#8221; <em>J. Opt. Soc. Am. B<\/em> <strong>38<\/strong>, 3491 (2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span>H. B. Kabag\u00f6z, A. Antikainen, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.osapublishing.org\/oe\/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-29-12-18315\">Converting noise into solitons: optical self-organization through intermodal nonlinearity<\/a>,&#8221; Opt. Express\u00a0<\/span><b>29<\/b><span>, 18315-18324 (2021)<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Z. Ma and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/nanoph-2020-0404\"><u>Propagation stability in optical fibers: role of path memory and angular momentum<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><b>Invited Paper<\/b>,<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Nanophotonics<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>10<\/strong>, 209 (2021).<\/li>\n<li>A. P. Greenberg, G. Prabhakar, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-18931-6\"><u>High resolution spectral metrology leveraging topologically enhanced optical activity in fibers<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Nature Communications<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><strong>11<\/strong>, 5257 (2020).<\/li>\n<li>A. Antikainen, H B. Kabag\u00f6z, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.400250\"><u>Fragility of a soliton\u2019s shot-to-shot coherence<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Lett.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>45<\/strong>, 5393 (2020).<\/li>\n<li>M. Ordu, J. Guo, A.E. Akosman, S. Erramilli, S. Ramachandran and S.N. Basu, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42765-020-00030-2\"><u>Effect of Thermal Annealing on Mid-Infrared Transmission in Semiconductor Alloy-Core Glass-Cladded Fibers<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Adv. Fiber Mater.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>(2020).<\/li>\n<li>L. Rish\u00f8j, F. Deng, B. Tai, J-X. Cheng, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.384395\"><u>Jitter-free, dual-wavelength, ultrashort-pulse, energetic fiber sources using soliton self-mode conversion<\/u><\/a>,&#8221; Opt. Express<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>28<\/strong>, 4333-4339 (2020)<\/li>\n<li>X. Liu, E.N. Christensen, K. Rottwitt and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5130715\"><u>Nonlinear four-wave mixing with enhanced diversity and selectivity via spin and orbital angular momentum conservation<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>APL Photonics<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>5<\/strong>, 010802 (2020).<\/li>\n<li>P. Gregg, P. Kristensen, A. Rubano, S. Golowich, L. Marrucci and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12401-4\" class=\"style61\"><u>Enhanced Spin Orbit Interaction of Light in Highly Confining Optical Fibers for Mode Division Multiplexing<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Nature Communications<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>10<\/strong>, 4707 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>S. D. Johnson, Z. Ma, M. Padgett and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OSAC.2.002975\"><u>Measurement of the spin-orbit coupling interaction in ring-core optical fibers<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>OSA Continuum<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>2<\/strong>, 2976 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>D. Cozzolino, D. Bacco, B.D. Lio, K. Ingerslev, Y. Ding, K. Dalgaard, P. Kristensen, M. Galili, K. Rottwitt, S. Ramachandran, L.K. Oxenl\u00f8we, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevApplied.11.064058\"><u>Orbital Angular Momentum States Enabling Fiber-based High-dimensional Quantum Communication<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Phys. Rev. Applied<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>11<\/strong>, 064058 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>F. Pang, H. Zheng, H. Liu, J. Yang, N. Chen, Y. Shang, S. Ramachandran and T. Wang, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LPT.2019.2911976\"><u>The orbital angular momentum fiber modes for magnetic field sensing<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>31<\/strong>, 893 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>G. Prabhakar, P. Gregg, L. Rishoj, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.27.011547\"><u>Octave-wide supercontinuum generation of light-carrying orbital angular momentum<\/u><\/a>,&#8221; Opt. Express<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>27<\/strong>, 11547-11556 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>S. D. Johnson, D.B. Phillips, Z. Ma, S. Ramachandran and M.J. Padgett, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.27.009829\"><u>A light-in-flight single-pixel camera for use in the visible and short-wave infrared<\/u><\/a>,&#8221; Opt. Express<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>27<\/strong>, 9829-9837 (2019)<\/li>\n<li>V. Balaswamy, Siddharth Ramachandran, and V. R. Supradeepa, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.27.009725\"><u>High-power, cascaded random Raman fiber laser with near complete conversion over wide wavelength and power tuning<\/u><\/a>,&#8221; Opt. Express 27, 9725-9732 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>L. Rish\u00f8j, B. Tai, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OPTICA.6.000304\"><u>Soliton self-mode conversion: revisiting Raman scattering of ultrashort pulses<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optica<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>6<\/strong>, 304-308 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>A. Antikainen, L. Rish\u00f8j, B. Tai, S. Ramachandran, and G.\u2009P. Agrawal, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.122.023901\"><u>Fate of a Soliton in a High Order Spatial Mode of a Multimode Fiber<\/u><\/a>,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 023901 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>V. Balaswamy, S. Aparanji, S. Arun, S. Ramachandran and V.R. Supradeepa, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.44.000279\"><u>High-power, widely wavelength tunable, grating-free Raman fiber laser based on filtered feedback<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Letters<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em><strong>44<\/strong>, 279-282 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>L. Yan, P. Kristensen, S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5045233\"><u>Vortex fibers for stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>APL Photonics<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>4<\/strong>, 022903 (2019).<\/li>\n<li>J. Demas, L. Rish\u00f8j, X. Liu, G. Prabhakar, S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/PRJ.7.000001\"><u>Intermodal group-velocity engineering for broadband nonlinear optics<\/u><\/a>,&#8221; Photon. Res.<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>7<\/strong>, 1-7 (2019)<\/li>\n<li>A.B. Bandara, Z. Zuo, K. McCutcheon, S. Ramachandran, J.R. Heflin, T.J. Inzana, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F1040638718803665\"><u>Identification of Histophilus somni by a nanomaterial optical fiber biosensor assay<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>J. Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation<\/em>, 1-9 (2018).<\/li>\n<li>S. Zhu, S. Pidishety, Y. Feng, S. Hong, J. Demas, R. Sidharthan, S. Yoo, S. Ramachandran, B. Srinivasan, J. Nilsson, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.26.023295\"><u>Multimode-pumped Raman amplification of a higher order mode in a large mode area fiber<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Express<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>26<\/strong>, 23295-23304 (2018).<\/li>\n<li>A. Sit, R. Fickler, F. Alsaiari, F. Bouchard, H. Larocque, P. Gregg, L. Yan, R.W. Boyd, S. Ramachandran, E. Karimi, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.43.004108\"><u>Quantum cryptography with structured photons through a vortex fiber<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Lett.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>43<\/strong>, 4108-4111 (2018).<\/li>\n<li>K. Ingerslev, P. Gregg, M. Galili, F. Da Ros, H. Hu, F. Bao, M.A. Usuga Castaneda, P. Kristensen, A. Rubano, L. Marrucci, K. Rottwitt, T. Morioka, S. Ramachandran, and L.K. Oxenl\u00f8we, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.26.020225\"><u>12 mode, WDM, MIMO-free orbital angular momentum transmission<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Express<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>26<\/strong>, 20225 (2018)<\/li>\n<li>A. Gulistan, S. Ghosh, S. Ramachandran, and B.M.A. Rahman, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.25.029714\"><u>Efficient strategy to increase higher order inter-modal stability of a step index multimode fiber<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Express<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>25<\/strong>, 29714 (2017)<\/li>\n<li>S. Pidishety, S. Pachava, P. Gregg, S. Ramachandran, G. Brambilla, and B. Srinivasan, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.42.004347\"><u>Orbital angular momentum beam excitation using an all-fiber weakly fused mode selective coupler<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Lett.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>42<\/strong>, 4347-4350 (2017).<\/li>\n<li>M. Ordu, J. Guo, G.Ng Pack, P. Shah, S. Ramachandran, M.K. Hong, L.D. Ziegler, S.N. Basu and S. Erramilli, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5003027\"><u>Nonlinear optics in germanium mid-infrared fiber material: Detuning oscillations in femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>AIP Advances<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>7<\/strong>, 095125 (2017).<\/li>\n<li>M. Ordu, J. Guo, B. Tai, M.K. Hong, S. Erramilli, S. Ramachandran and S.N. Basu, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OME.7.003107\"><u>Mid-infrared transmission through germanium-core borosilicate glass-clad semiconductor fibers<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Mater. Express<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>7<\/strong>, 3107-3115 (2017).<\/li>\n<li>T. He, J. Demas and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.42.002531\"><u>Ultra-low loss dispersion control with chirped transmissive fiber gratings<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Lett.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>42<\/strong>, 2531-2534 (2017).<\/li>\n<li>J. Demas, G. Prabhakar, T. He and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.25.007455\"><u>Wavelength-agile high-power sources via four-wave mixing in higher-order fiber modes<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 25, p. 7455, 2017.<\/li>\n<li>Y. Jung, Q. Kang, R. Sidharthan, D. Ho, S. Yoo, P.Gregg, S. Ramachandran, S. Alam, D.J. Richardson, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JLT.2017.2651145\"><u>Optical OAM Amplifier Based on an Air-Hole Erbium-Doped Fiber<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>J. Lightwave Tech.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>35<\/strong>, 430 (2017).<\/li>\n<li>D.L.P. Vitullo, C.C. Leary, P. Gregg, R.A. Smith, D.V. Reddy, S. Ramachandran and M. G. Raymer, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.118.083601\"><u>Observation of Interaction of Spin and Intrinsic Orbital Angular Momentum of Light<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Phys. Rev. Lett.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>118, 083601 (2017).<\/li>\n<li>P. Gregg, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.24.018938\"><u>13.4km OAM state propagation by recirculating fiber loop<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Express<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 24, 18938 (2016).<\/li>\n<li>L. Rish\u00f8j, M. Jones, J. Demas, P. Gregg, G. Prabhakar, L. Yan, T. Hawkins, J. Ballato, and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.41.003587\"><u>Polymer-clad silica fibers for tailoring modal area and dispersion<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Lett<\/em>. 41, 3587-3590 (2016).<\/li>\n<li>B.N. Tugchin, N. Janunts, M. Steinert, K. Dietrich, D. Sivun, S. Ramachandran, K.V. Nerkararyan, A. T\u00fcnnermann, T. Pertsch, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C6RA09341H\"><u>Controlling the excitation of radially polarized conical plasmons in plasmonic tips in liquids<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>RSC Advances<\/em>,<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>6<\/strong>, 53273 (2016).<\/li>\n<li>J. Demas, L. Rish\u00f8j and S. Ramachandran, &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.028531\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Free-space beam shaping for precise control and conversion of modes in optical fiber<\/u><\/a>,&#8221;<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 23, p. 28531, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>Q. Kang, P. Gregg, Y. Jung, E.L. Lim, S. Alam, S. Ramachandran and D.J. Richardson, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.028341\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Amplification of 12 OAM modes in air-core erbium doped fiber<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 23, p. 28341, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>L. Yan, P. Gregg, E. Karimi, A. Rubano, L. Marrucci, R. Boyd and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OPTICA.2.000900\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><u>Q-plate enabled spectrally diverse orbital-angular-momentum conversion for STED microscopy<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optica<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 2, p. 900, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>A.B. Bandara, Z. Zuo, S. Ramachandran, A. Ritter, J.R. Heflin, T.J. Inzan, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2015.03.041\"><u>Detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci by biosensor assay consisting of nanoscale films on optical fiber long-period gratings<\/u><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Biosensors and Bioelectronics<\/em>, vol. 70, p. 433, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>L. Yan, R. Barankov, P. Steinvurzel, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/JLT.2015.2413391\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/JLT.2015.2413391\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Modal-weight measurements with fiber gratings<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>J. Lightwave Tech.,<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>vol. 33, p. 2784, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>P. Gregg, M. Mirhosseini, A. Rubano, L. Marrucci, E. Karimi, R.W. Boyd, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.40.001729\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.40.001729\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Q-plates as higher order polarization controllers for orbital angular momentum modes of fiber<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<em>Optics Letters,<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>vol. 40, p. 1729, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>A. E. Willner, H. Huang, Y. Yan, Y. Ren, N. Ahmed, G. Xie, C. Bao, L. Li, Y. Cao, Z. Zhao, J. Wang, M. P. J. Lavery, M. Tur, S. Ramachandran, A. F. Molisch, N. Ashrafi, and S. Ashrafi, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.opticsinfobase.org\/aop\/abstract.cfm?URI=aop-7-1-66\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Optical communications using orbital angular momentum beams<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Invited Paper<\/strong>,<em><span>\u00a0<\/span>Adv. Opt. Photon.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 7, p. 66, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>P. Gregg, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OPTICA.2.000267\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Conservation of orbital angular momentum in air-core optical fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optica<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 2, p. 267, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, P. Gregg, P. Kristensen, and S. E. Golowich, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.23.003721\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>On the scalability of ring fiber designs for OAM multiplexing<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong>Invited Paper<\/strong>,<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 23, p. 3721, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>J. Demas, P. Steinvurzel, B. Tai, L. Rish\u00f8j, Y. Chen, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OPTICA.2.000014\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OPTICA.2.000014\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Intermodal nonlinear mixing with Bessel beams in optical fiber<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optica<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>vol. 2, p. 14, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>J. Demas and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.22.023043\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.22.023043\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Sub-second mode measurement of fibers using C<sup>2<\/sup><span>\u00a0<\/span>imaging<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 22, p. 23043, 2014.<\/li>\n<li>A. Yurt, M.D.W. Grogan, S. Ramachandran, B.B. Goldberg, and M. Selim \u00dcnl\u00fc, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.22.007320\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.22.007320\" class=\"style25\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Effect of vector asymmetry of radially polarized beams in solid immersion microscopy<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 22, p. 7320, 2014.<\/li>\n<li>P. Steinvurzel, J. Demas, B. Tai, Y. Chen, L. Yan, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.39.000743\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.39.000743\" class=\"style25\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Broadband parametric wavelength conversion at 1\u2009\u2009\u03bcm with large mode area fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Letters<\/em>, vol. 39, p. 743, 2014.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran and P. Kristensen, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/nanoph-2013-0047\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1515\/nanoph-2013-0047\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Optical vortices in fiber<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<strong>Invited Paper<\/strong>,<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>J. Nanophotonics<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 2, p. 455, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>L. Rish\u00f8j, P. Kristensen, S. Ramachandran and K. Rottwitt, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.21.028836\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.21.028836\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Experimental demonstration of intermodal nonlinear effects between full vectorial modes in a few moded fiber<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 21, p. 28836, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>D.N. Schimpf, W. Putnam, M.D.W. Grogan, S. Ramachandran and F.X. K\u00e4rtner, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.21.018469\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.21.018469\" class=\"style25\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Radially polarized Bessel-Gauss beams: decentered Gaussian beam analysis and experimental verification<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 21, p. 18469, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>N. Bozinovic, Y. Yue, Y. Ren, M. Tur, P. Kristensen, H Huang, A.E. Willner, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1237861\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1237861\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Terabit-Scale Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing in Fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><strong><em>Science<\/em><\/strong><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 340 (6140), p. 1545, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>M. Laurila, R. Barankov, M. J\u00f8rgensen, T. Alkeskjold, J. Broeng, J. L\u00e6gsgaard, S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.21.009215\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.21.009215\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Cross-correlated imaging of single-mode photonic crystal rod fiber with distributed mode filtering<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 21, p 9215, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Golowich, N. Bozinovic, P. Kristensen, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.21.004931\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.21.004931\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Complex mode amplitude measurement for a six-mode optical fiber<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Opt. Exp.<\/em>, vol. 21, p. 4931, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>J. Demas, M.D.W. Grogan, T. Alkeskjold, S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.003768\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.003768\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Sensing with optical vortices in photonic crystal fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<em>Optics Letters<\/em>, vol. 37, p. 3768, 2012.<\/li>\n<li>Y. Chen, L. Yan, P. Steinvurzel, L. Rishoj, S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.003327\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.003327\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Dynamically tunable optical bottles from an optical fiber<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Letters<\/em>, vol. 37, p. 3327, 2012.<\/li>\n<li>R.A. Barankov, K. Wei, B. Samson and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.003147\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.003147\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Resonant Bend Loss in Leakage Channel Fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Letters<\/em>, vol. 37, p. 3147, 2012.<\/li>\n<li>D.N. Schimpf and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.003069\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.003069\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Polarization-resolved imaging of an ensemble of waveguide modes<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Letters<\/em>, vol. 37, p. 3069, 2012.<\/li>\n<li>N. Bozinovic, S. Golowich, P. Kristensen, S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.002451\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.37.002451\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Control of orbital angular momentum of light, with optical fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Letters<\/em>, vol. 37, p. 2451, 2012.<\/li>\n<li>P. Steinvurzel, K. Tantiwanichapan, M. Goto, and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.36.004671\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.36.004671\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Fiber-based Bessel beams with controllable diffraction-resistant distance<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Letters<\/em>, vol. 36, p. 4671, 2011.<\/li>\n<li>D.N. Schimpf, R. A. Barankov and S. Ramachandran, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.19.013008\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.19.013008\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Cross-correlated (C2) imaging of fiber and waveguide modes<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Express<\/em>, vol. 19, p. 13008, 2011.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, C. Smith, P. Kristensen, P. Balling, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.18.023212\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.18.023212\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Nonlinear generation of broadband polarisation vortices<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Express<\/em>, vol. 18, p. 23212, 2010.<\/li>\n<li>J.W. Nicholson, J.M. Fini, A.M. DeSantolo, E. Monberg, F. DiMarcello, J. Fleming, C. Headley, D.J. DiGiovanni, S. Ghalmi and S. 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Yan, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.27.000698\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.27.000698\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Bandwidth control of long-period grating-based mode-converters in few-mode fibers<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Optics Lett.<\/em>, vol. 27, p. 698, 2002.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, G. Raybon, B. Mikkelsen, M.F. Yan, L. Cowsar and R-J. Essiambre, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ECOC.2001.989628\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/ECOC.2001.989628\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>1700-km Transmission at 40-Gb\/s with 100-km Amplifier-Spacing Enabled by Higher-Order-Mode Dispersion-Compensation<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Electron. Lett.,<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>vol. 37, p. 1352, 2001.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, B. Mikkelsen, L. C. Cowsar, M. F. Yan, G. Raybon, L. Boivin, M. Fishteyn, W. A. Reed, P. Wisk, D. Brownlow, R. G. Huff, and L. Gruner-Nielsen, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/68.924050\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/68.924050\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>All-Fiber Grating-Based Higher Order Mode Dispersion Compensator for Broad-Band Compensation and 1000-km Transmission at 40 Gb\/s<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Photon. Tech. Lett.<\/em>, vol. 13, p.632, 2001.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran and S.G. Bishop, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.123118\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.123118\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Low loss photoinduced waveguides in rapid thermally annealed films of chalcogenide glasses<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Appl. Phys. Lett.<\/em>, vol. 74, p13, 1999.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran and S. G. Bishop, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.122716\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.122716\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Excitation of Er3+ emission by host glass absorption in sputtered films of Er-doped Ge10As40Se25S25 glass<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Appl. Phys. Lett.<\/em>, vol. 73, p3196, 1998.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, J.C. Pepper, D.J. Brady, S.G. Bishop, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/50.618346\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/50.618346\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Micro-optical lenslets by photo-expansion in chalcogenide glasses<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>J. Lightwave Tech.<\/em>, vol. 15, p. 1371, 1997.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, S.G. Bishop, J.P. Guo, D.J. Brady, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/68.508731\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/68.508731\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Fabrication of holographic gratings in As2S3 glass by photoexpansion and photodarkening<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett.<\/em>, vol. 8, p. 1041, 1996.<\/li>\n<li>S. Q. Gu, S. Ramachandran, E. E. Reuter, D. A. Turnbull, J. T. Verdeyen, and S. G. Bishop, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.358624\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.358624\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Photoluminescence and excitation spectroscopy of Er-doped As2S3 glass: Novel broad band excitation mechanism<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>J. Appl. Phys.<\/em>, vol. 77, p. 3365, 1995.<\/li>\n<li>S. Q. Gu, S. Ramachandran, E. E. Reuter, D. A. Turnbull, J. T. Verdeyen, and S. G. Bishop, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.114094\" target=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1063\/1.114094\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"style25\"><u>Novel broad-band excitation of Er3+ luminescence in chalcogenide glasses<\/u><\/span><\/a>,\u201d<span>\u00a0<\/span><em>Appl. Phys. Lett<\/em>, vol. 66, p. 670, 1995.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong><u><em>Select Presentations<\/em><\/u><\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol class=\"style21\">\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">S. Ramachandran, \u201cTopological Confinement Leveraged Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photonics West 2026.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div align=\"justify\">S. Ramachandran, \u201cBreaking the information capacity barrier of optical fibers via topological confinement of \u201cforbidden\u201d states,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Workshop on Twisted Light in Nanophotonic and Quantum Systems, 2025.<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigh-Dimensional Entanglement in Optical Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Defence Basic Research Conference, 2025.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cMultimode Nonlinear Fiber optics for High Dimensional Quantum Entanglement,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE Summer Topicals, 2025.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cLong-lived Photons in Forbidden States: the influence of light\u2019s topology on its propagation characteristics,\u201d <strong>Plenary Lecture<\/strong>, Light, 2025.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cTopological Confinement: Light Guidance beyond Cutoff,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, WSOF, 2025.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cScaling fiber mode counts to 100 and beyond: Light guidance via Topological Confinement,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, CLEO Pacific Rim, 2024.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cLight guidance via topological confinement: long-lived photons in forbidden states,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ICOAM, 2024.<\/li>\n<li>A.G. Peterson-Greenberg, P. Kristensen, M. Mitrovic, S. Ramachandran, \u201cErbium-Doped Fiber Amplification of 28 OAM Modes,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, STu4D.3, CLEO 2024.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cTransport of \u201cForbidden\u201d Photonic States in Fibers via Topological Confinement, <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, SM1B.3, CLEO 2024.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cTopological Confinement: a new mechanism for light transport in optical fibers,\u201d <em>Hot Topics<\/em>, <strong>Plenary Session<\/strong>, Photonics West 2024.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigh Dimensional Structured Light Quantum Sources,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photonics West 2024.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cMultimode Fiber Nonlinear Optics,\u201d <strong>Short Course<\/strong>, ASSL\/FIO 2023.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigh-dimensional quantum sources via multimode nonlinearities in fibers, <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE Summer Topicals 2023.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cFiber Mode Count Scalability via Topological Confinement,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OECC 2023.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cThe physics and applications of topologically complex light\u201d, <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, APS March Meeting 2023.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cScaling modal capacity of fibers by exploiting topological properties of light,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OFC 2023.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cNew selection rules for Raman scattering with spatially complex light,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ROWS 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cMultimode Nonlinear Fiber Optics,\u201d<strong> Plenary Lecture<\/strong>, AFL 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cSpace: The less explored dimension of light,\u201d <strong>Keynote Lecture,<\/strong> Student Conference on Optics and Photonics, 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cSpatially, vectorially and topologically complex light in fibers: Implications &amp; Applications,\u201d <strong>Tutorial,<\/strong> ECOC 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cScaling fiber modal capacity by topological confinement,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong> Workshop, ECOC 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cStructured Light in Fibres: Principles and Applications,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ICO Congress 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cNonlinear Optics meets Topological Photonics: the Influence of Angular Momentum and Chirality on Fiber Nonlinear Optics,\u201d <strong>Tutorial<\/strong>, CIVIS Workshop on Multimode Photonics 2022.<\/li>\n<li>Z. Ma and S. Ramachandran, \u201cTopological guidance: a new form of light transport for scaling fiber modal capacity,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong> IEEE Summer Topicals 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigh Dimensional Quantum Sources with Optical Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong> ICOAM 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cSensing and Imaging with Topologically Complex Light,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Winter Colloquium on Physics of Quantum Electronics (PQE) 2022.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cMultimode Fiber Optics: recent paradigm shifts driving its resurgence,\u201d <strong>Plenary Lecture<\/strong>, USST Young Scientist Forum, 2021.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cNonlinear optics influenced by light&#8217;s topological structure,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, OSI Symposium 2021.<\/li>\n<li>Z. Ma, P. Kristensen, S. Ramachandran, \u201cRecord (60) Uncoupled Modes in A Step-Index Fiber due to A New Light Guidance Mechanism: Topological Confinement,\u201d <strong>High-scored paper<\/strong>, Tu4A.3, ECOC 2021.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOptical Activity in Strictly Isotropic Materials (Fibers),\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OSA-FIO 2020.<\/li>\n<li>H.B. Kabag\u00f6z, A. Antikainen, S. Ramachandran, \u201cTime-Locked Multi-Color Single-Aperture Fiber Sources via Soliton Self-Mode Conversion,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Th-A2.1, EuroPhoton 2020.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cLinear, nonlinear and peculiar properties of OAM fiber modes,\u201d <strong>Tutorial<\/strong>, IEEE Summer 2020.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cFour-Wave Mixing (FWM) with OAM modes in fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ACP 2019.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cThe influence of OAM in fiber nonlinear optics,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE-IPS Annual, 2019.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cSpace: the less explored dimension of light,\u201d <strong>Short Course<\/strong>, Siegman School on Lasers, 2019<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cNonlinear optics exploiting the spatial dimension,\u201d <strong>Keynote,<\/strong> CLEO-Europe, 2019.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cSpin-orbit interactions of light in optical fibers,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk,<\/strong> ICOAM 2019.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cStructured light in fibers: Physics &amp; Applications,\u201d <strong>Keynote,<\/strong> IMCO 2019.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cThe physics and applications of fibers supporting OAM,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong> EXAT symposium, 2019.<\/li>\n<li>A.G. Peterson-Greenberg, G. Prabhakar, S. Ramachandran, \u201cSingle-shot, sub-picometer-resolution wavemeter using topologically enhanced optical activity of OAM fiber modes,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline paper<\/strong>. JTh5A.9, CLEO 2019.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran and G.P. Agrawal, \u201cSoliton Self-Mode Conversion (SSMC): Power-scalable frequency conversion with multimode fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, SPIE Photonics West, 2019.<\/li>\n<li>V. Balaswamy, S. Ramachandran, V.R. Supradeepa, \u201cHigh power, widely tunable, cascaded Raman fiber laser with near complete wavelength conversion,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline paper<\/strong>, ASSL 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cPhysics of guided-wave light propagation: Applications to fiber lasers and nonlinear optics,\u201d <strong>Short Course<\/strong>, ASSL 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran and G.P. Agrawal, \u201cSoliton Self-Mode Conversion (SSMC): Revisiting ultrashort pulse Raman scattering,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ERC Workshop, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cClassical and Quantum Communications with OAM in fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE Annual Meeting, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>D. Cozzolino, D. Bacco, B. Da Lio, K. Ingerslev, Y. Ding, K. Dalgaard, P. Kristensen, M. Galili, K. Rottwitt, S. Ramachandran and L.K. Oxenl\u00f8we \u201cHigh-dimensional quantum communication with twisted photons propagating in a fiber link,\u201d <strong>Plenary<\/strong>, Asian Quantum Information Science Conference, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOpto-mechanical interactions with OAM states,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, CLEO-PR, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>D. Cozzolino, D. Bacco, B. Da Lio, K. Ingerslev, Y. Ding, K. Dalgaard, P. Kristensen, M. Galili, K. Rottwitt, S. Ramachandran and L.K. Oxenl\u00f8we \u201cFiber-based high-dimensional quantum key distribution with twisted photons,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline paper<\/strong>, CLEO-PR, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cIntermodal nonlinear optics in step-index fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE Summer Topicals, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0S. Ramachandran, \u201cSpace \u2013 the less explored dimension of light,\u201d <strong>Plenary<\/strong>, IONS Denmark, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cMultimode Nonlinear Fiber Optics: New perspectives, opportunities &amp; challenges,\u201d <strong>Tutorial<\/strong>, CLEO 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cNonlinear Optics with Structured Light,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, JSAP 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOrbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of light in fiber,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OFC 2018.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cScaling power and creating new colour sources via multimode nonlinear fiber optics,\u201d <strong>Tutorial<\/strong>, ACP 2017.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOAM in fibers: how they are different from OAM in free space and other fiber modes,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ACP 2017.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOAM in Optical Fibers: similarities with, and differences from, OAM in free space,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, ICOAM, 2017.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOrbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of light in fiber,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ICO-24, 2017.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cIntermodal nonlinear optics with Bessel and OAM beams in fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong> OSA Nonlinear Optics, 2017.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cMW power level fiber nonlinear optics via intermodal interactions\u201d <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong> ISUPT 2017.<\/li>\n<li>J. Demas, L. Rishoj, X. Liu, G. Prabhakar, S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigh-power, wavelength-tunable NIR all-fiber lasers via intermodal four-wave mixing,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline paper<\/strong>, JTh5A.8, CLEO 2017.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cFiber sources with structured light for biomedical imaging,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photonics 2016.<\/li>\n<li>J. Demas, G. Prabhakar, T. He, P. Kristensen, S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigh peak power 974 nm fiber source employing parametric wavelength conversion with HOM fibers,\u201d ATu6A.2, <strong>Post-deadline paper<\/strong>, ASSL 2016.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cMultimode Nonlinear Fiber Optics with Structured Light,\u201d ATh1A.1, <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong> ASSL 2016.<\/li>\n<li>M. Beresna, S. Pidishety, M.I.M.A Khudus, R. Ismaeel, Y. Wang, P. Gregg, S. Ramachandran, B Srinivasan, G Brambilla, \u201cOAM generation in optical fibre and free space devices,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ICOCN 2016.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHow uncoupled can OAM modes remain in fibers?\u201d <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong> SDM workshop, ECOC 2016.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cLinear and Nonlinear Properties of OAM in Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ECOC 2016.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cIntermodal nonlinear fiber optics: a new pathway to power scalable sources,\u201d <strong>Keynote Address,<\/strong> Europhoton 2016.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cLight\u2019s angular momentum in fiber,\u201d <strong>Tutorial<\/strong>, OSA Summer Topicals 2016.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOn the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of light in fiber,\u201d <strong>Tutorial<\/strong>, OECC 2016.<\/li>\n<li>P. Gregg, P. Kristensen, A. Rubano, S. Golowich, L. Marrucci and S. Ramachandran, \u201cSpin-Orbit Coupled, NonInteger OAM Fibers: Unlocking a New Eigenbasis for Transmitting 24 Uncoupled Modes,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline paper<\/strong>, JTh4C.7, CLEO-2016.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOAM in fibers: how they are similar to, and different from, OAM in free space,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Royal Society, UK, 2016.<\/li>\n<li>Y. Jung, Q. Kang, S. Yoo, S. Raghuraman, D. Ho, P. Gregg, S. Ramachandran, S.U. Alam, D.J. Richardson, \u201cOptical Orbital Angular Momentum Amplifier based on an Air-Core Erbium Doped Fiber,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline paper<\/strong> No. Th5A.5, OFC-2016.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cLight\u2019s angular momentum in fiber,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, WRAP 2015.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOptical vortices in fiber,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, OSA Annual Meeting\/FIO, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigh energy nonlinear optics in fiber,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, CLEO-PR 2015.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cOAM modes as data channels in fiber,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, EXAT symposium, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cLow cross-talk fibers using OAM,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, SDM workshop, OSA summer topicals, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cPhysics of guided-wave light propagation: Applications to fiber lasers and nonlinear optics,\u201d <strong>Short Course<\/strong>, EuroPhoton 2014.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cFibers supporting OAM and their applications,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OFC 2014.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cCascaded inter-modal four-wave mixing in short few-mode fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Workshop on nonlinearities in SDM systems, OFC, 2014.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, L. Yan, P. Gregg and P. Kristensen, \u201cLight that spins inside fibers: Applications from microscopy to telecommunications,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OSA Annual Meeting\/FIO, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, P. Steinvurzel, J. Demas, B. Tai and Y. Chen, \u201cCan Fibers replace OPOs?\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE Photonics Society Annual Meeting, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran and P. Gregg, \u201cLooking inside a fiber: measuring mode content &amp; properties,\u201d <strong>Tutorial<\/strong>, IEEE Summer Topicals, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Golowich, N. Bozinovic, P. Kristensen, P. Gregg and S. Ramachandran, \u201cOrbital angular momentum states for mode division multiplexing in optical fiber,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE Summer Topicals, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cScaling capacity by twisting light beams,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Optoelectronics and Comm. Conf. &amp; CLEO-Pacific Rim, Kyoto, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cA new route to high-energy nonlinear fiber optics,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Optoelectronics and Comm. Conf. &amp; CLEO-Pacific Rim, Kyoto, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cFew-mode fibers: from devices to long-distance transmission,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, Workshop on SDM technologies, OFC, 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, N. Bozinovic, P. Gregg, S.E. Golowich, P. Kristensen, \u201cScaling Capacity by Spinning Light inside Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photonics West (SPIE) 2013.<\/li>\n<li>S. Golowich, P. Kristensen, N. Bozinovic, P. Gregg, and S. Ramachandran, \u201cFibers Supporting Orbital Angular Momentum States for Information Capacity Scaling,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OSA Annual Meeting FIO\/LS, 2012.<\/li>\n<li>N. Bozinovic, Y. Yue, Y. Ren, M. Tur, P. Kristensen, A.E. Willner, S. Ramachandran, \u201cOrbital Angular Momentum (OAM) based Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) over a km-length Fiber,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong>, Th.3.C.6, European Conf. Opt. Comm. (ECOC), 2012.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, N. Bozinovic, P. Gregg, S.E. Golowich, P. Kristensen, \u201cOptical vortices in fibres: A new degree of freedom for mode multiplexing,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, European Conf. Opt. Comm. (ECOC), 2012.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHow to measure (inter\/intra) modal purity, and is this important for MDM?\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Workshop on Optical components and characterisation requirements for SDM networks, European Conf. Opt. Comm. (ECOC), 2012.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, P. Kristensen, \u201cLight that spins inside fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OSA Summer Topicals, 2012.<\/li>\n<li>N. Bozinovic, S. Ramachandran, M. Brodsky, P. Kristensen, \u201cRecord-length transmission of photons entangled in orbital angular momentum (OAM),\u201d <strong>Post-deadline paper<\/strong>, OSA Annual Meeting FIO\/LS, 2011.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cTwisted light in a fiber: Science and Applications,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, Optoelectronics and Comm. Conf., Taipei, 2011.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cA higher mode of sensing with fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Optical Fiber Sensors, Ottawa, 2011.<\/li>\n<li>D. N. Schimpf, R. A. Barankow, K. Jespersen, S. Ramachandran, \u201cModal content reconstruction of few-mode fibers by using optical low-coherence interferometry,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong>, Photonics West, 2011.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cDoughnut Beams: Ramifications of Optical Vortices in Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photonics-2010.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cPhysics and Applications of Optical Vortices in Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE-LEOS Annual Meeting, 2010.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran \u201cMaking light of M<sup>2<\/sup> \u2260 1: Fiber sources with spatial singularities,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, NSF fiber workshop, 2010.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cFiber light sources using structured beams,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, EuroPhoton, 2010.<\/li>\n<li>J.W. Nicholson, A.M. DeSantolo, S. Ghalmi, J.M. Fini, J. Fleming, E. Monberg, F. Dimarcello, S. Ramachandran, &#8220;Nanosecond Pulse Amplification in a Higher-Order Mode Er-Doped Fiber Amplifier,&#8221; <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong>, Conf. Lasers &amp; Electro-optics, 2010.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, C. Smith, P. Balling, P. Kristensen, \u201cMulti-colour vortex beam generation by cascaded Raman processes in optical fibers,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong>, Photonics West, 2010.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cStructured light in optical fibers: Beams that can do what Gaussians cannot,\u201d <strong>Tutorial<\/strong>, European Conf. Optical Comm., 2009.<\/li>\n<li>K. Rottwitt and S. Ramachandran, \u201cSpontaneous emission from saturated parametric amplifiers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ICTON-2009.<\/li>\n<li>J.M. Fini, P.I. Borel, P.A. Weimann, P. Kristensen, J. Bjerregaard, K. Carlson, M.F. Yan, P.W. Wisk, S. Ramachandran, A.D. Yablon, D.J. DiGiovanni, D.Trevor, C.J. Martin, A. McCurdy, \u201cBend Insensitive Fiber for FTTX Applications,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OTuI4, Optical Fiber Comm., 2009.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cSpatially structured light in optical fibers for high-power lasers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, OSA Topical on Advanced Solid State Photonics, 2009.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cA new class of fibers for the management of ultra-short pulses,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE-LEOS Winter Topicals, 2009.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cRadially polarised (vector) beams in optical fibers, <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photonics-2008.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cTailoring light, spatially and vectorially, with optical fibers,\u201d <strong>Keynote Lecture,<\/strong> NICT International Symposium, Tokyo, Japan, 2008.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cDiffraction-resistant light (Bessel beams) from optical fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Asia Optical Exposition, 2008.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran and S. Ghalmi, \u201cDiffraction-free, self-healing Bessel beams from fibers,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong>, CPDB5, Conf. Lasers &amp; Electro-optics, 2008.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cLasers and amplifiers with ultra-large mode area fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Optical Soc. America Annual Meeting, 2007.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cAnomalous dispersion in fibers: Applications in the NIR and visible,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Optoelectronics and Comm. Conf., Yokohama, 2007<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, S. Ghalmi and M F. Yan, \u201cUltra-Large Modal Area Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Conf. Lasers &amp; Electro-optics, 2007.<\/li>\n<li>J.H. Lee, J.V. Howe, C. Xu, S. Ramachandran and S. Ghalmi, \u201cEnergetic Soliton Self-Frequency Shift below 1300 nm over a 240 nm Range in a Solid Silica-Based Fiber, <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong>, PDP38, Optical Fiber Comm., 2007.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, J.W. Nicholson and M F. Yan, \u201cNovel fibers for ultra-short and high-power pulses,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Optical Fiber Comm., 2007.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, K. Brar, S. Ghalmi, K. Aiso, M. Yan, D. Trevor, J. Fleming, C. Headley, P. Wisk, G. Zydzik, M.Fishteyn, E. Monberg, F. Dimarcello, \u201cHigh-power amplification in a 2040-\u00b5m2 higher order mode,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong>, LBN-7, Photonics West, 2007.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cUltra-large mode area fibers: Approaches &amp; Realisations, <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photon. West, 2007.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cRobust light propagation in fibers with ultra-large modal areas,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photon-2006.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, S. Ghalmi, M F. Yan, J.W. Nicholson, J. Fleming, P. Wisk, E. Monberg, F.V. Dimarcello, \u201cNovel Fibers using Higher Order Modes: Applications to Femtosecond Pulses,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, IEEE- Lasers &amp; Electrooptics Annual Meeting, 2006.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cRobust light propagation in fibers with ultra-large modal areas,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, European Conf. Optical Comm., 2006.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, S. Ghalmi, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, P. Wisk, E. Monberg and F.V. Dimarcello, \u201cDemonstration of Anomalous Dispersion in a Solid, Silica-based Fiber at wavelength\u00a0&lt; 1300 nm,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong> PDP3, Optical Fibers Comm., 2006.<\/li>\n<li>D.J. DiGiovanni, A. Yablon, S. Ramachandran, J. Fini, Y. Emori and C. Headley, \u201cProgress in all-fiber components,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photonics West 2006.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigh Energy, Low Nonlinearity Femtosecond Pulse Compression and Delivery, with Dispersion Tailored Higher Order Mode Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, ICOL-2005; India.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, J.W. Nicholson, S. Ghalmi, M.F. Yan, P. Wisk, E.Monberg and F.V. Dimarcello, \u201cRobust, Single-Moded, Broadband Transmission and Pulse Compression in a Record Aeff (2100 \u00b5m2) Higher-Order-Mode Fiber,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong> Th4.4.1, European Conf. Optical Comm., 2005.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, M.F. Yan, J. Jasapara, P. Wisk, S. Ghalmi, E.Monberg and F.V. Dimarcello, \u201c10x Higher Energy Femtosecond Pulse Delivery than SMF with Record Dispersion Higher Order Mode Fiber,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong>, OSA Topical on Optical Amplifiers and their Applications, 2005.<\/li>\n<li>Siddharth Ramachandran, \u201cManaging noise from modal interference: is single mode fiber a necessity?\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong>, Photonics, 2004.<\/li>\n<li>Siddharth Ramachandran, \u201cNovel Photonics devices in Few-Mode Fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk,<\/strong>\u00a0ICOCN, 2004.<\/li>\n<li>Siddharth Ramachandran, \u201cDispersion management with few mode fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited talk<\/strong>, Optoelectronics &amp; Comm. Conf., 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Siddharth Ramachandran, \u201cNovel grating devices in few-mode fibers,\u201d <strong>Invited talk<\/strong>, OSA Topical on Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity and Poling, 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Siddharth Ramachandran, \u201cNovel photonic devices in few-mode fibers,\u201d Paper No. FBR 2.1, <strong>Invited talk<\/strong>, Photonics, 2002.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, S. Ghalmi, S. Chandrasekhar, I. Ryazansky, M.F. Yan, F.V. Dimarcello, W.A. Reed and P. Wisk, \u201cWavelength-continuous broadband adjustable dispersion compensator using higher order mode fibers and switchable fiber-gratings,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong> PD 2.6, European Conf. Optical Comm., 2002.<\/li>\n<li>Siddharth Ramachandran, \u201cHigher-Order-Mode Dispersion Compensation for Broadband Dispersion and Nonlinearity Management in Transmission Systems,\u201d <strong>Invited Talk<\/strong> WU-5, Opt. Fiber Comm., 2002.<\/li>\n<li>Siddharth Ramachandran, Samir Ghalmi, Zhiyong Wang, Kenneth Feder and Man Yan, \u201cDispersion-free, Tunable Band-Selection Filters using Long-Period Gratings in Few-moded Fibers\u201d, <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong> PD-1, OSA Topical on Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity and Poling, 2001.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cHigher-Order-Mode Dispersion-Compensation: Enabler for long-distance WDM at 40 Gb\/s,\u201d<strong> Invited Talk<\/strong> Paper No. 4532-34, ITCOM (SPIE), 2001.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, B. Mikkelsen, L.C. Cowsar, M.F. Yan, G. Raybon, L. Boivin, M. Fishteyn, W.A. Reed, P. Wisk, D. Brownlow and L. Gruner-Nielsen, \u201cAll-fiber, grating-based, higher-order-mode dispersion compensator for broadband compensation and 1000-km transmission at 40 Gb\/s,\u201d <strong>Post-deadline Paper<\/strong> PD-2.5, European Conf. Optical Comm., 2000<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong><u><em>Books\/Book Chapters<\/em><\/u><\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol class=\"style21\">\n<li>Y. Jung, S. Alam, D.J. Richardson, S. Ramachandran and K.S. Abedin, \u201cMulticore and multimode optical amplifiers for space division multiplexing,\u201d in<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/book\/9780128165027\/optical-fiber-telecommunications-vii\"><em>Optical Fiber Telecommunications<\/em><span>\u00a0<\/span>VII<\/a>, Chapter 7, \u00a0A.E. Willner, Ed., Academic Press, 2020.<\/li>\n<li>J. Wang, M.J. Padgett, S. Ramachandran, N, Bozinovic, S. Golowich, M.P.J. Lavery, H. Huang, Y. Yue, A.E. Willner \u201cMultimode communications using OAM,\u201d in<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/book\/9780123969606\/optical-fiber-telecommunications#book-info\"><em>Optical Fiber Telecommunications<span>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>VI-B<\/a>, I. Kaminow, T. Li, A.E. Willner, Ed., Academic Press, 2013.<em><\/em><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9780387403472\"><em>Fiber-based dispersion compensation<\/em><\/a>, S. Ramachandran, Editor, Springer, New York, 2007.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran and M.F. Yan, \u201cStatic and tunable dispersion management with higher order mode fibers,\u201d in<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/book\/9780387403472\"><em>Fiber-based dispersion compensation<\/em><\/a>, S. Ramachandran, Ed., Springer, New York, 2007.<\/li>\n<li>S. Ramachandran, \u201cDispersion-tailored higher order mode fibers for in-fiber photonic devices,\u201d in<span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/book\/9780120884810\/guided-wave-optical-components-and-devices\"><em>Guided wave optical components and devices<\/em><\/a>, B.P. Pal, Ed., Elsevier, Burlington, 2005.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><strong><u><em>Patents<\/em><\/u><\/strong><\/summary>\n<ol class=\"style21\">\n<li>\u201cTunable polarizers,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 6768824.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cTunable mode-converters using few mode fibers,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 6768835.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical fiber-based device with tunable birefringence,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 6778715.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical bandpass filter using long period gratings,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 6845194.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical bandpass filter using long period gratings,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 6980578.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAdjustable dispersion compensator with few mode fibers and switchable mode converters,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 6937788.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cHighly index-sensitive optical devices including long period gratings,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 6950578.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical fiber having enhanced separation of HOMs,\u201d S.E. Golowich, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7110651.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cLarge mode area fibers using higher order modes,\u201d D.J. Digiovanni, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7171074.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cLarge mode area fibers using higher order modes,\u201d D.J. Digiovanni, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7272288.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cLarge mode area fibers using higher order modes,\u201d D.J. Digiovanni, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7386209.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cLarge mode area fibers using higher order modes,\u201d D.J. Digiovanni, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7483612.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPolarization insensitive microbend fiber gratings and devices using the same,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7177510.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPolarization insensitive microbend fiber gratings and devices using the same,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7340132.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPolarization insensitive microbend fiber gratings and devices using the same,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7340139.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPolarization insensitive microbend fiber gratings and devices using the same,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7352939.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPolarization insensitive microbend fiber gratings and devices using the same,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7519254.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cShort pulse lasers using large mode area fibers and higher order modes,\u201d S. Ramachandran, J.W. Nicholson, US Patent 7228029.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cFiber structure with improved bend resistance,\u201d J.M. Fini, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7257293.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cFiber optic sensor or modulator using tuning of long period gratings with self-assembled layers,\u201d Z. Wang, J.R. Heflin, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7336861.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAchieving gaussian outputs from large-mode-area-higher-order mode fibers,\u201d G. Leuchs, N. Lindlein, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7672552.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cMeasuring modal content of multi-moded fibers,\u201d P. Kristensen, J.W. Nicholson, S. Ramachandran, A.D. Yablon, US Patent 7817258.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cVisible continuum generation utilizing a hybrid optical source,\u201d J.W. Nicholson, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7826499.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cLocally perturbed optical fibers for mode transformers,\u201d S. Ramachandran, M. Sumetsky, P.S. Westbrook, US Patent 7865045.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPumping in a higher-order mode that is different from a signal mode,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7925128.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPhase-engineered fibers for generating cylindrical vector beams,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 7941012.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSequentially increasing effective area in higher-order mode (HOM) Signal Propagation,\u201d D.J. Digiovanni, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8000570.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPreventing dielectric breakdown in optical fibers,\u201d S. Ramachandran, A.D. Yablon, US Patent 8103142.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical fibers and optical fiber devices with total dispersion greater than material dispersion,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8175435.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical fibers and optical fiber devices with total dispersion greater than material dispersion,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8175436.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical fibers and optical fiber devices with total dispersion greater than material dispersion,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8189977.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cProduction of optical pulses at a desired wavelength utilizing higher-order-mode (HOM) fiber,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8126299.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cProduction of optical pulses at a desired wavelength utilizing higher-order-mode (HOM) fiber,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8290317.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSystems and techniques for generating Bessel beams,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent: 8358888.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSegmented gain-doping of an optical fiber,\u201d D.J. Digiovanni, S. Ramachandran, S. Ghalmi, M. Mermelstein, US Patent 8412015.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cCompression of generated optical continuum utilizing higher-order-mode fiber,\u201d J.W. Nicholson, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8478134.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cNon-linear optical system and techniques,\u201d J.W. Nicholson, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8507877.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSelectively pumping a gain-doped region of an optical fiber,\u201d D.J. Digiovanni, S. Ramachandran, US Patent 8520299.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cHigh-power fiber laser employing nonlinear wave mixing with higher-order modes,\u201d S. Ramachandran, US Patent 9203209.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical fiber systems for delivering short high power pulses,\u201d S. Ramachandran, S. Wielandy, US Patent 9417381.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cUltrashort pulse fiber laser employing Raman scattering in higher order mode fibers,\u201d S. Ramachandran, L. Rishoj, J.D. Demas, US Patent 10734782.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cEngineered optical fibers and uses thereof,\u201d S. Ramachandran, G. Prabhakar, A.P. Greenberg, US Patent 10823667.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical imaging system employing vortex fiber for multiple-mode illumination,\u201d S. Ramachandran, L. Yan, P. Kristensen, US Patent 10827911.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cOptical fiber system employing topological guidance of light,\u201d S. Ramachandran, Z. Ma, US Patent 11506841.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/details>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Full publication list and citation summary available at the\u00a0Google Scholar webpage. Highly Cited Papers (designated by Web of Science) Terabit-Scale Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing in Fibers\u00a0Science\u00a0340, 1545 (2013) Optical communications using orbital angular momentum beams\u00a0Adv. Opt. Photon.\u00a07, 66 (2015) Generation and propagation of radially polarized beams in optical fibers,\u201d\u00a0Optics Letters\u00a034, 2525 (2009) Optical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19518,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/no-sidebars.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19518"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1093,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54\/revisions\/1093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/ramachandranlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}