{"id":1554,"date":"2016-10-30T14:33:08","date_gmt":"2016-10-30T18:33:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/?page_id=1554"},"modified":"2016-10-31T20:17:55","modified_gmt":"2016-11-01T00:17:55","slug":"early-diva-simulations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/miscellaneous-videos-and-oddities\/early-diva-simulations\/","title":{"rendered":"Early DIVA Simulations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This page presents videos of DIVA model simulations from the\u00a01990&#8217;s.<\/p>\n<p>The first video illustrates two different types of babbling: (1) completely random articulator movements, and (2) reduplicated babbling, created by moving the jaw up and down cyclically, with tongue movements only occurring between the bi-syllabic utterances. Note how the addition of \u00a0cyclic jaw movements (at the right frequency) makes the productions sound much more &#8220;speech-like&#8221;. Babies typically undergo\u00a0a reduplicated babbling stage at around 8-10 months of age, at which time their utterances start to sound distinctly more like words such as &#8220;mama&#8221; and &#8220;dada&#8221;.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 240px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('video');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1554-1\" width=\"240\" height=\"320\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Random_and_reduplicated_babbling.mp4?_=1\" \/><a href=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Random_and_reduplicated_babbling.mp4\">\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Random_and_reduplicated_babbling.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>In the next video, the model (sporting a receding hairline for some reason) produces the vowels in &#8220;bet&#8221;, &#8220;beet&#8221;, &#8220;bat&#8221;, &#8220;but&#8221;, and &#8220;boot&#8221;, first under normal conditions, and then with the jaw immobilized, illustrating its ability to compensate for constraints or perturbations to the speech articulators.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 312px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1554-2\" width=\"312\" height=\"448\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/EH-EE-AA-UH-OO_without-and-with-bite-block.mp4?_=2\" \/><a href=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/EH-EE-AA-UH-OO_without-and-with-bite-block.mp4\">\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/EH-EE-AA-UH-OO_without-and-with-bite-block.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>The next video illustrates the model producing the word &#8220;baby&#8221; three times, with an increasingly refined auditory target each time. Note how the word becomes more clear and the articulator movements more precise as the auditory target improves.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 240px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1554-3\" width=\"240\" height=\"320\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Baby_sequence.mp4?_=3\" \/><a href=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Baby_sequence.mp4\">\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Baby_sequence.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>The next video illustrates the model&#8217;s first six attempts to produce the utterance &#8220;good doggie&#8221; after being given an\u00a0auditory target for the utterance. The first attempt is primarily under auditory feedback control and sounds &#8220;sloppy&#8221;. Each subsequent attempt relies more heavily on learned feedforward commands, resulting in clearer and clearer productions.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 240px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1554-4\" width=\"240\" height=\"320\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Good_dog_repeated_attempts.mp4?_=4\" \/><a href=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Good_dog_repeated_attempts.mp4\">\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/Good_dog_repeated_attempts.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p>In the next video, the model produces &#8220;good doggie&#8221;, with palatal contact information, lip contours, and vocal tract area function displayed to the left.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-1554-5\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/good_doggie_NEW.m4v?_=5\" \/><a href=\"\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/good_doggie_NEW.m4v\">\/guentherlab\/files\/2016\/10\/good_doggie_NEW.m4v<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This page presents videos of DIVA model simulations from the\u00a01990&#8217;s. The first video illustrates two different types of babbling: (1) completely random articulator movements, and (2) reduplicated babbling, created by moving the jaw up and down cyclically, with tongue movements only occurring between the bi-syllabic utterances. Note how the addition of \u00a0cyclic jaw movements (at [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3849,"featured_media":0,"parent":1408,"menu_order":6,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1554"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3849"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1554"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1554\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1622,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1554\/revisions\/1622"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/guentherlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1554"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}