{"id":52,"date":"2019-01-20T12:20:24","date_gmt":"2019-01-20T17:20:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/?page_id=52"},"modified":"2019-01-22T13:21:41","modified_gmt":"2019-01-22T18:21:41","slug":"photon-efficient-active-imaging","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/current-research-thrusts\/photon-efficient-active-imaging\/","title":{"rendered":"Photon-Efficient Active Imaging"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Conventional photography collects tens of thousands of photons at each camera pixel. However, that number of photons isn\u2019t required to form accurate images.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using time-correlated single-photon counting, our group and collaborators at MIT demonstrated that forming accurate depth and reflectivity images is possible using as little as one photon detection per scene pixel, increasing the photon efficiency of image formation by several orders of magnitude.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Such methods can enable long-distance range measurements, fast acquisition for real time systems like autonomous vehicles, or even low-dose measurements for biological applications. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have continued to expand the capabilities of imaging with very few photons, including exploring scenes with multiple depths, increasing robustness to high ambient light levels, improving depth resolution for systems with coarse time quantization, and compensating for dead times in single-photon detectors.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Selected Publications<\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/abstract\/document\/8451528\"><b>Improving Lidar Depth Resolution With Dither<\/b><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J. Rapp, R. M. A. Dawson, and V. K. Goyal, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Processing (ICIP)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, October 2018.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DOI: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIP.2018.8451528\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.1109\/ICIP.2018.8451528<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Winner of Best Student Paper Award, 3rd Place<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/7932527\/\"><b>A Few Photons Among Many: Unmixing Signal and Noise for Photon-Efficient Active Imaging<\/b><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J. Rapp and V. K. Goyal, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IEEE Trans. Computational Imaging<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 445-459, September 2017.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DOI:<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TCI.2017.2706028\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.1109\/TSP.2017.2706028<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/codeocean.com\/2018\/06\/18\/unmixing-signal-and-noise-for-photon-efficient-active-imaging\/code\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Code<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ncomms\/2016\/160624\/ncomms12046\/full\/ncomms12046.html\"><b>Photon-Efficient Imaging with a Single-Photon Camera<\/b><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D. Shin, F. Xu, D. Venkatraman, R. Lussana, F. Villa, F. Zappa, V. K. Goyal, F. N. C. Wong, and J. H. Shapiro, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature Communications<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 7, art. no. 12046, 24 June 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DOI:<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms12046\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.1038\/ncomms12046<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See also <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature Photonics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> research highlight: D. Pile,<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nphoton\/journal\/v10\/n8\/full\/nphoton.2016.153.html\"> <b>Photon per pixel<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nature Photonics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 10, no. 8, p. 498, August 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/photon-efficient-imaging\/single-photon-camera\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Code and data<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osapublishing.org\/oe\/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-24-3-1873\"><b>Computational Multi-Depth Single-Photon Imaging<\/b><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D. Shin, F. Xu, F. N. C. Wong, J. H. Shapiro, and V. K. Goyal, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optics Express<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1873-1888, February 2016.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DOI:<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.24.001873\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.1364\/OE.24.001873<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/photon-efficient-imaging\/full-waveform\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Code and data<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpl\/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=7150537\"><b>Photon-Efficient Computational 3D and Reflectivity Imaging with Single-Photon Detectors<\/b><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">D. Shin, A. Kirmani, V. K. Goyal, and J. H. Shapiro, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IEEE Trans. Computational Imaging<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 112-125, June 2015.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DOI:<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TCI.2015.2453093\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.1109\/TSP.2015.2453093<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/photon-efficient-imaging\/pseudo-array\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Code and data<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/content\/343\/6166\/58.abstract\"><b>First-Photon Imaging<\/b><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A. Kirmani, D. Venkatraman, D. Shin, A. Cola\u00e7o, F. N. C. Wong, J. H. Shapiro, V. K. Goyal, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Science<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 343, no. 6166, pp. 58-61, 3 Jan 2014; published online in Science Express 29 Nov 2013.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DOI:<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1246775\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10.1126\/science.1246775<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">See also editors&#8217; commentary:<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/343\/6166\/twis\"> <b>This Week in Science: Computing an Image<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Science<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, vol. 343, no. 6166, p. 5, 3 Jan 2014.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rle.mit.edu\/first-photon-imaging\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Code and data<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Conventional photography collects tens of thousands of photons at each camera pixel. However, that number of photons isn\u2019t required to form accurate images. Using time-correlated single-photon counting, our group and collaborators at MIT demonstrated that forming accurate depth and reflectivity images is possible using as little as one photon detection per scene pixel, increasing the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15605,"featured_media":0,"parent":35,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15605"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":133,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/52\/revisions\/133"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.bu.edu\/goyal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}