What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Understanding Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that causes brain cells to degenerate and die. It is the most common cause of dementia, a group of brain disorders that result in the loss of intellectual and social skills. These changes are severe enough to interfere with daily functioning.

Symptoms

Alzheimer’s disease affects each person differently, but common symptoms include:

  • Memory loss, especially forgetting recently learned information.
  • Difficulty planning or solving problems.
  • Confusion with time or place.
  • Trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships.
  • Problems with words in speaking or writing.
  • Misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps.
  • Decreased or poor judgment.
  • Withdrawal from work or social activities.
  • Changes in mood and personality, including apathy* and depression.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of Alzheimer’s disease is not fully understood, it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors that affect the brain over time. Key risk factors include:

  • Age: The risk increases significantly after the age of 65.
  • Family history: Having a close relative with the disease increases the risk.
  • Genetics: Specific genes, such as APOE-e4, have been linked to Alzheimer’s.

Diagnosis and Treatment

There is no single test for Alzheimer’s disease. Diagnosis is based on a careful medical history, physical examination, neurological exams, and mental status tests. Brain imaging and biomarkers can also support the diagnosis.

While there is no cure for Alzheimer’s, treatments are available to help manage symptoms. Medications can temporarily improve symptoms or slow their progression. Non-drug approaches, such as cognitive training and lifestyle changes, can also support brain health and quality of life.

Living with Alzheimer’s

Living with Alzheimer’s disease can be challenging for both patients and their families. Support is available through various resources, including support groups, counseling, and respite care. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and mental stimulation can help manage symptoms and improve overall well-being.